
  FFmpeg Formats Documentation


    Table of Contents

  *
    1 Description

    <#Description>
  *
    2 Format Options

    <#Format-Options>
      o
        2.1 Format stream specifiers

        <#Format-stream-specifiers-1>
  *
    3 Demuxers

    <#Demuxers>
      o
        3.1 aa

        <#aa>
      o
        3.2 aac

        <#aac>
      o
        3.3 apng

        <#apng>
      o
        3.4 asf

        <#asf-1>
      o
        3.5 concat

        <#concat-1>
          +
            3.5.1 Syntax

            <#Syntax>
          +
            3.5.2 Options

            <#Options>
          +
            3.5.3 Examples

            <#Examples>
      o
        3.6 dash

        <#dash-1>
          +
            3.6.1 Options

            <#Options-1>
      o
        3.7 ea

        <#ea>
          +
            3.7.1 Options

            <#Options-2>
      o
        3.8 imf

        <#imf>
      o
        3.9 flv, live_flv, kux

        <#flv_002c-live_005fflv_002c-kux>
      o
        3.10 gif

        <#gif-1>
      o
        3.11 hls

        <#hls-1>
      o
        3.12 image2

        <#image2-1>
          +
            3.12.1 Examples

            <#Examples-1>
      o
        3.13 libgme

        <#libgme>
      o
        3.14 libmodplug

        <#libmodplug>
      o
        3.15 libopenmpt

        <#libopenmpt>
      o
        3.16 mov/mp4/3gp

        <#mov_002fmp4_002f3gp>
          +
            3.16.1 Options

            <#Options-3>
          +
            3.16.2 Audible AAX

            <#Audible-AAX>
      o
        3.17 mpegts

        <#mpegts>
      o
        3.18 mpjpeg

        <#mpjpeg>
      o
        3.19 rawvideo

        <#rawvideo>
      o
        3.20 sbg

        <#sbg>
      o
        3.21 tedcaptions

        <#tedcaptions>
      o
        3.22 vapoursynth

        <#vapoursynth>
  *
    4 Muxers

    <#Muxers>
      o
        4.1 a64

        <#a64-1>
      o
        4.2 adts

        <#adts-1>
          +
            4.2.1 Options

            <#Options-4>
      o
        4.3 aiff

        <#aiff-1>
          +
            4.3.1 Options

            <#Options-5>
      o
        4.4 alp

        <#alp-1>
          +
            4.4.1 Options

            <#Options-6>
      o
        4.5 asf

        <#asf-2>
          +
            4.5.1 Options

            <#Options-7>
      o
        4.6 avi

        <#avi-1>
          +
            4.6.1 Options

            <#Options-8>
      o
        4.7 chromaprint

        <#chromaprint-1>
          +
            4.7.1 Options

            <#Options-9>
      o
        4.8 crc

        <#crc-1>
          +
            4.8.1 Examples

            <#Examples-2>
      o
        4.9 dash

        <#dash-2>
      o
        4.10 fifo

        <#fifo-1>
          +
            4.10.1 Examples

            <#Examples-3>
      o
        4.11 flv

        <#flv>
      o
        4.12 framecrc

        <#framecrc-1>
          +
            4.12.1 Examples

            <#Examples-4>
      o
        4.13 framehash

        <#framehash-1>
          +
            4.13.1 Examples

            <#Examples-5>
      o
        4.14 framemd5

        <#framemd5-1>
          +
            4.14.1 Examples

            <#Examples-6>
      o
        4.15 gif

        <#gif-2>
      o
        4.16 hash

        <#hash-1>
          +
            4.16.1 Examples

            <#Examples-7>
      o
        4.17 hls

        <#hls-2>
          +
            4.17.1 Options

            <#Options-10>
      o
        4.18 ico

        <#ico-1>
      o
        4.19 image2

        <#image2-2>
          +
            4.19.1 Options

            <#Options-11>
          +
            4.19.2 Examples

            <#Examples-8>
      o
        4.20 matroska

        <#matroska>
          +
            4.20.1 Metadata

            <#Metadata>
          +
            4.20.2 Options

            <#Options-12>
      o
        4.21 md5

        <#md5-1>
          +
            4.21.1 Examples

            <#Examples-9>
      o
        4.22 mov, mp4, ismv

        <#mov_002c-mp4_002c-ismv>
          +
            4.22.1 Options

            <#Options-13>
          +
            4.22.2 Example

            <#Example>
      o
        4.23 mp3

        <#mp3>
      o
        4.24 mpegts

        <#mpegts-1>
          +
            4.24.1 Options

            <#Options-14>
          +
            4.24.2 Example

            <#Example-1>
      o
        4.25 mxf, mxf_d10, mxf_opatom

        <#mxf_002c-mxf_005fd10_002c-mxf_005fopatom>
          +
            4.25.1 Options

            <#Options-15>
      o
        4.26 null

        <#null>
      o
        4.27 nut

        <#nut>
      o
        4.28 ogg

        <#ogg>
      o
        4.29 raw muxers

        <#raw-muxers-1>
          +
            4.29.1 ac3

            <#ac3>
          +
            4.29.2 adx

            <#adx>
          +
            4.29.3 aptx

            <#aptx>
          +
            4.29.4 aptx_hd

            <#aptx_005fhd>
          +
            4.29.5 avs2

            <#avs2>
          +
            4.29.6 cavsvideo

            <#cavsvideo>
          +
            4.29.7 codec2raw

            <#codec2raw>
          +
            4.29.8 data

            <#data>
          +
            4.29.9 dirac

            <#dirac>
          +
            4.29.10 dnxhd

            <#dnxhd>
          +
            4.29.11 dts

            <#dts>
          +
            4.29.12 eac3

            <#eac3>
          +
            4.29.13 evc

            <#evc>
          +
            4.29.14 g722

            <#g722>
          +
            4.29.15 g723_1

            <#g723_005f1>
          +
            4.29.16 g726

            <#g726>
          +
            4.29.17 g726le

            <#g726le>
          +
            4.29.18 gsm

            <#gsm>
          +
            4.29.19 h261

            <#h261>
          +
            4.29.20 h263

            <#h263>
          +
            4.29.21 h264

            <#h264>
          +
            4.29.22 hevc

            <#hevc>
          +
            4.29.23 m4v

            <#m4v>
          +
            4.29.24 mjpeg

            <#mjpeg>
          +
            4.29.25 mlp

            <#mlp>
          +
            4.29.26 mp2

            <#mp2>
          +
            4.29.27 mpeg1video

            <#mpeg1video>
          +
            4.29.28 mpeg2video

            <#mpeg2video>
          +
            4.29.29 obu

            <#obu>
          +
            4.29.30 rawvideo

            <#rawvideo-1>
          +
            4.29.31 sbc

            <#sbc>
          +
            4.29.32 truehd

            <#truehd>
          +
            4.29.33 vc1

            <#vc1>
      o
        4.30 segment, stream_segment, ssegment

        <#segment_002c-stream_005fsegment_002c-ssegment>
          +
            4.30.1 Options

            <#Options-16>
          +
            4.30.2 Examples

            <#Examples-10>
      o
        4.31 smoothstreaming

        <#smoothstreaming>
      o
        4.32 streamhash

        <#streamhash-1>
          +
            4.32.1 Examples

            <#Examples-11>
      o
        4.33 tee

        <#tee-1>
          +
            4.33.1 Options

            <#Options-17>
          +
            4.33.2 Examples

            <#Examples-12>
      o
        4.34 webm_chunk

        <#webm_005fchunk>
          +
            4.34.1 Options

            <#Options-18>
          +
            4.34.2 Example

            <#Example-2>
      o
        4.35 webm_dash_manifest

        <#webm_005fdash_005fmanifest>
          +
            4.35.1 Options

            <#Options-19>
          +
            4.35.2 Example

            <#Example-3>
  *
    5 Metadata

    <#Metadata-1>
  *
    6 See Also

    <#See-Also>
  *
    7 Authors

    <#Authors>

  *
    Description

    <#Description>
  *
    Format Options

    <#Format-Options>
  *
    Demuxers

    <#Demuxers>
  *
    Muxers

    <#Muxers>
  *
    Metadata

    <#Metadata-1>
  *
    See Also

    <#See-Also>
  *
    Authors

    <#Authors>


    1 Description

This document describes the supported formats (muxers and demuxers)
provided by the libavformat library.


    2 Format Options

The libavformat library provides some generic global options, which can
be set on all the muxers and demuxers. In addition each muxer or demuxer
may support so-called private options, which are specific for that
component.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or
by setting the value explicitly in the |AVFormatContext| options or
using the libavutil/opt.h API for programmatic use.

The list of supported options follows:

avioflags flags (/input/output/)

    Possible values:

    ‘direct’

        Reduce buffering.

probesize integer (/input/)

    Set probing size in bytes, i.e. the size of the data to analyze to
    get stream information. A higher value will enable detecting more
    information in case it is dispersed into the stream, but will
    increase latency. Must be an integer not lesser than 32. It is
    5000000 by default.

max_probe_packets integer (/input/)

    Set the maximum number of buffered packets when probing a codec.
    Default is 2500 packets.

packetsize integer (/output/)

    Set packet size.

fflags flags

    Set format flags. Some are implemented for a limited number of formats.

    Possible values for input files:

    ‘discardcorrupt’

        Discard corrupted packets.

    ‘fastseek’

        Enable fast, but inaccurate seeks for some formats.

    ‘genpts’

        Generate missing PTS if DTS is present.

    ‘igndts’

        Ignore DTS if PTS is set. Inert when nofillin is set.

    ‘ignidx’

        Ignore index.

    ‘nobuffer’

        Reduce the latency introduced by buffering during initial input
        streams analysis.

    ‘nofillin’

        Do not fill in missing values in packet fields that can be
        exactly calculated.

    ‘noparse’

        Disable AVParsers, this needs |+nofillin| too.

    ‘sortdts’

        Try to interleave output packets by DTS. At present, available
        only for AVIs with an index.

    Possible values for output files:

    ‘autobsf’

        Automatically apply bitstream filters as required by the output
        format. Enabled by default.

    ‘bitexact’

        Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. This
        ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match
        between platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.

    ‘flush_packets’

        Write out packets immediately.

    ‘shortest’

        Stop muxing at the end of the shortest stream. It may be needed
        to increase max_interleave_delta to avoid flushing the longer
        streams before EOF.

seek2any integer (/input/)

    Allow seeking to non-keyframes on demuxer level when supported if
    set to 1. Default is 0.

analyzeduration integer (/input/)

    Specify how many microseconds are analyzed to probe the input. A
    higher value will enable detecting more accurate information, but
    will increase latency. It defaults to 5,000,000 microseconds = 5
    seconds.

cryptokey hexadecimal string (/input/)

    Set decryption key.

indexmem integer (/input/)

    Set max memory used for timestamp index (per stream).

rtbufsize integer (/input/)

    Set max memory used for buffering real-time frames.

fdebug flags (/input/output/)

    Print specific debug info.

    Possible values:

    ‘ts’

max_delay integer (/input/output/)

    Set maximum muxing or demuxing delay in microseconds.

fpsprobesize integer (/input/)

    Set number of frames used to probe fps.

audio_preload integer (/output/)

    Set microseconds by which audio packets should be interleaved earlier.

chunk_duration integer (/output/)

    Set microseconds for each chunk.

chunk_size integer (/output/)

    Set size in bytes for each chunk.

err_detect, f_err_detect flags (/input/)

    Set error detection flags. |f_err_detect| is deprecated and should
    be used only via the |ffmpeg| tool.

    Possible values:

    ‘crccheck’

        Verify embedded CRCs.

    ‘bitstream’

        Detect bitstream specification deviations.

    ‘buffer’

        Detect improper bitstream length.

    ‘explode’

        Abort decoding on minor error detection.

    ‘careful’

        Consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in
        the wild as errors.

    ‘compliant’

        Consider all spec non compliancies as errors.

    ‘aggressive’

        Consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error.

max_interleave_delta integer (/output/)

    Set maximum buffering duration for interleaving. The duration is
    expressed in microseconds, and defaults to 10000000 (10 seconds).

    To ensure all the streams are interleaved correctly, libavformat
    will wait until it has at least one packet for each stream before
    actually writing any packets to the output file. When some streams
    are "sparse" (i.e. there are large gaps between successive packets),
    this can result in excessive buffering.

    This field specifies the maximum difference between the timestamps
    of the first and the last packet in the muxing queue, above which
    libavformat will output a packet regardless of whether it has queued
    a packet for all the streams.

    If set to 0, libavformat will continue buffering packets until it
    has a packet for each stream, regardless of the maximum timestamp
    difference between the buffered packets.

use_wallclock_as_timestamps integer (/input/)

    Use wallclock as timestamps if set to 1. Default is 0.

avoid_negative_ts integer (/output/)

    Possible values:

    ‘make_non_negative’

        Shift timestamps to make them non-negative. Also note that this
        affects only leading negative timestamps, and not non-monotonic
        negative timestamps.

    ‘make_zero’

        Shift timestamps so that the first timestamp is 0.

    ‘auto (default)’

        Enables shifting when required by the target format.

    ‘disabled’

        Disables shifting of timestamp.

    When shifting is enabled, all output timestamps are shifted by the
    same amount. Audio, video, and subtitles desynching and relative
    timestamp differences are preserved compared to how they would have
    been without shifting.

skip_initial_bytes integer (/input/)

    Set number of bytes to skip before reading header and frames if set
    to 1. Default is 0.

correct_ts_overflow integer (/input/)

    Correct single timestamp overflows if set to 1. Default is 1.

flush_packets integer (/output/)

    Flush the underlying I/O stream after each packet. Default is -1
    (auto), which means that the underlying protocol will decide, 1
    enables it, and has the effect of reducing the latency, 0 disables
    it and may increase IO throughput in some cases.

output_ts_offset offset (/output/)

    Set the output time offset.

    offset must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


    The offset is added by the muxer to the output timestamps.

    Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams
    are delayed bt the time duration specified in offset. Default value
    is |0| (meaning that no offset is applied).

format_whitelist list (/input/)

    "," separated list of allowed demuxers. By default all are allowed.

dump_separator string (/input/)

    Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line
    about the Stream parameters. For example, to separate the fields
    with newlines and indentation:

    ffprobe -dump_separator "
                              "  -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg

max_streams integer (/input/)

    Specifies the maximum number of streams. This can be used to reject
    files that would require too many resources due to a large number of
    streams.

skip_estimate_duration_from_pts bool (/input/)

    Skip estimation of input duration when calculated using PTS. At
    present, applicable for MPEG-PS and MPEG-TS.

strict, f_strict integer (/input/output/)

    Specify how strictly to follow the standards. |f_strict| is
    deprecated and should be used only via the |ffmpeg| tool.

    Possible values:

    ‘very’

        strictly conform to an older more strict version of the spec or
        reference software

    ‘strict’

        strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what
        consequences

    ‘normal’
    ‘unofficial’

        allow unofficial extensions

    ‘experimental’

        allow non standardized experimental things, experimental
        (unfinished/work in progress/not well tested) decoders and
        encoders. Note: experimental decoders can pose a security risk,
        do not use this for decoding untrusted input.

  *
    Format stream specifiers

    <#Format-stream-specifiers-1>


      2.1 Format stream specifiers

Format stream specifiers allow selection of one or more streams that
match specific properties.

The exact semantics of stream specifiers is defined by the
|avformat_match_stream_specifier()| function declared in the
libavformat/avformat.h header and documented in the
(ffmpeg)Stream specifiers section in the ffmpeg(1) manual

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg.html#Stream-specifiers>.



    3 Demuxers

Demuxers are configured elements in FFmpeg that can read the multimedia
streams from a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported demuxers are
enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure
option |--list-demuxers|.

You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option
|--disable-demuxers|, and selectively enable a single demuxer with the
option |--enable-demuxer=DEMUXER|, or disable it with the option
|--disable-demuxer=DEMUXER|.

The option |-demuxers| of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled
demuxers. Use |-formats| to view a combined list of enabled demuxers and
muxers.

The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.

  *
    aa

    <#aa>
  *
    aac

    <#aac>
  *
    apng

    <#apng>
  *
    asf

    <#asf-1>
  *
    concat

    <#concat-1>
  *
    dash

    <#dash-1>
  *
    ea

    <#ea>
  *
    imf

    <#imf>
  *
    flv, live_flv, kux

    <#flv_002c-live_005fflv_002c-kux>
  *
    gif

    <#gif-1>
  *
    hls

    <#hls-1>
  *
    image2

    <#image2-1>
  *
    libgme

    <#libgme>
  *
    libmodplug

    <#libmodplug>
  *
    libopenmpt

    <#libopenmpt>
  *
    mov/mp4/3gp

    <#mov_002fmp4_002f3gp>
  *
    mpegts

    <#mpegts>
  *
    mpjpeg

    <#mpjpeg>
  *
    rawvideo

    <#rawvideo>
  *
    sbg

    <#sbg>
  *
    tedcaptions

    <#tedcaptions>
  *
    vapoursynth

    <#vapoursynth>


      3.1 aa

Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 (.aa) files.


      3.2 aac

Raw Audio Data Transport Stream AAC demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux an ADTS input containing a single AAC
stream alongwith any ID3v1/2 or APE tags in it.


      3.3 apng

Animated Portable Network Graphics demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux APNG files. All headers, but the PNG
signature, up to (but not including) the first fcTL chunk are
transmitted as extradata. Frames are then split as being all the chunks
between two fcTL ones, or between the last fcTL and IEND chunks.

-ignore_loop bool

    Ignore the loop variable in the file if set. Default is enabled.

-max_fps int

    Maximum framerate in frames per second. Default of 0 imposes no limit.

-default_fps int

    Default framerate in frames per second when none is specified in the
    file (0 meaning as fast as possible). Default is 15.


      3.4 asf

Advanced Systems Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux ASF files and MMS network streams.

-no_resync_search bool

    Do not try to resynchronize by looking for a certain optional start
    code.


      3.5 concat

Virtual concatenation script demuxer.

This demuxer reads a list of files and other directives from a text file
and demuxes them one after the other, as if all their packets had been
muxed together.

The timestamps in the files are adjusted so that the first file starts
at 0 and each next file starts where the previous one finishes. Note
that it is done globally and may cause gaps if all streams do not have
exactly the same length.

All files must have the same streams (same codecs, same time base, etc.).

The duration of each file is used to adjust the timestamps of the next
file: if the duration is incorrect (because it was computed using the
bit-rate or because the file is truncated, for example), it can cause
artifacts. The |duration| directive can be used to override the duration
stored in each file.

  *
    Syntax

    <#Syntax>
  *
    Options

    <#Options>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples>


        3.5.1 Syntax

The script is a text file in extended-ASCII, with one directive per
line. Empty lines, leading spaces and lines starting with ’#’ are
ignored. The following directive is recognized:

|file path|

    Path to a file to read; special characters and spaces must be
    escaped with backslash or single quotes.

    All subsequent file-related directives apply to that file.

|ffconcat version 1.0|

    Identify the script type and version.

    To make FFmpeg recognize the format automatically, this directive
    must appear exactly as is (no extra space or byte-order-mark) on the
    very first line of the script.

|duration dur|

    Duration of the file. This information can be specified from the
    file; specifying it here may be more efficient or help if the
    information from the file is not available or accurate.

    If the duration is set for all files, then it is possible to seek in
    the whole concatenated video.

|inpoint timestamp|

    In point of the file. When the demuxer opens the file it instantly
    seeks to the specified timestamp. Seeking is done so that all
    streams can be presented successfully at In point.

    This directive works best with intra frame codecs, because for
    non-intra frame ones you will usually get extra packets before the
    actual In point and the decoded content will most likely contain
    frames before In point too.

    For each file, packets before the file In point will have timestamps
    less than the calculated start timestamp of the file (negative in
    case of the first file), and the duration of the files (if not
    specified by the |duration| directive) will be reduced based on
    their specified In point.

    Because of potential packets before the specified In point, packet
    timestamps may overlap between two concatenated files.

|outpoint timestamp|

    Out point of the file. When the demuxer reaches the specified
    decoding timestamp in any of the streams, it handles it as an end of
    file condition and skips the current and all the remaining packets
    from all streams.

    Out point is exclusive, which means that the demuxer will not output
    packets with a decoding timestamp greater or equal to Out point.

    This directive works best with intra frame codecs and formats where
    all streams are tightly interleaved. For non-intra frame codecs you
    will usually get additional packets with presentation timestamp
    after Out point therefore the decoded content will most likely
    contain frames after Out point too. If your streams are not tightly
    interleaved you may not get all the packets from all streams before
    Out point and you may only will be able to decode the earliest
    stream until Out point.

    The duration of the files (if not specified by the |duration|
    directive) will be reduced based on their specified Out point.

|file_packet_metadata key=value|

    Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be
    set for each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple
    times to add multiple metadata entries. This directive is
    deprecated, use |file_packet_meta| instead.

|file_packet_meta key value|

    Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be
    set for each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple
    times to add multiple metadata entries.

|option key value|

    Option to access, open and probe the file. Can be present multiple
    times.

|stream|

    Introduce a stream in the virtual file. All subsequent
    stream-related directives apply to the last introduced stream. Some
    streams properties must be set in order to allow identifying the
    matching streams in the subfiles. If no streams are defined in the
    script, the streams from the first file are copied.

|exact_stream_id id|

    Set the id of the stream. If this directive is given, the string
    with the corresponding id in the subfiles will be used. This is
    especially useful for MPEG-PS (VOB) files, where the order of the
    streams is not reliable.

|stream_meta key value|

    Metadata for the stream. Can be present multiple times.

|stream_codec value|

    Codec for the stream.

|stream_extradata hex_string|

    Extradata for the string, encoded in hexadecimal.

|chapter id start end|

    Add a chapter. id is an unique identifier, possibly small and
    consecutive.


        3.5.2 Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

safe

    If set to 1, reject unsafe file paths and directives. A file path is
    considered safe if it does not contain a protocol specification and
    is relative and all components only contain characters from the
    portable character set (letters, digits, period, underscore and
    hyphen) and have no period at the beginning of a component.

    If set to 0, any file name is accepted.

    The default is 1.

auto_convert

    If set to 1, try to perform automatic conversions on packet data to
    make the streams concatenable. The default is 1.

    Currently, the only conversion is adding the h264_mp4toannexb
    bitstream filter to H.264 streams in MP4 format. This is necessary
    in particular if there are resolution changes.

segment_time_metadata

    If set to 1, every packet will contain the lavf.concat.start_time
    and the lavf.concat.duration packet metadata values which are the
    start_time and the duration of the respective file segments in the
    concatenated output expressed in microseconds. The duration metadata
    is only set if it is known based on the concat file. The default is 0.


        3.5.3 Examples

  * Use absolute filenames and include some comments:

    # my first filename
    file /mnt/share/file-1.wav
    # my second filename including whitespace
    file '/mnt/share/file 2.wav'
    # my third filename including whitespace plus single quote
    file '/mnt/share/file 3'\''.wav'

  * Allow for input format auto-probing, use safe filenames and set the
    duration of the first file:

    ffconcat version 1.0

    file file-1.wav
    duration 20.0

    file subdir/file-2.wav


      3.6 dash

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams found in the manifest. By setting
the discard flags on AVStreams the caller can decide which streams to
actually receive. Each stream mirrors the |id| and |bandwidth|
properties from the |<Representation>| as metadata keys named "id" and
"variant_bitrate" respectively.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-1>


        3.6.1 Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

cenc_decryption_key

    16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common
    Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).


      3.7 ea

Electronic Arts Multimedia format demuxer.

This format is used by various Electronic Arts games.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-2>


        3.7.1 Options

merge_alpha bool

    Normally the VP6 alpha channel (if exists) is returned as a
    secondary video stream, by setting this option you can make the
    demuxer return a single video stream which contains the alpha
    channel in addition to the ordinary video.


      3.8 imf

Interoperable Master Format demuxer.

This demuxer presents audio and video streams found in an IMF
Composition, as specified in
SMPTE ST 2067-2

<https://doi.org/10.5594/SMPTE.ST2067-2.2020>.

ffmpeg [-assetmaps <path of ASSETMAP1>,<path of ASSETMAP2>,...] -i <path of CPL> ...

If |-assetmaps| is not specified, the demuxer looks for a file called
ASSETMAP.xml in the same directory as the CPL.


      3.9 flv, live_flv, kux

Adobe Flash Video Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux FLV files and RTMP network streams. In
case of live network streams, if you force format, you may use live_flv
option instead of flv to survive timestamp discontinuities. KUX is a flv
variant used on the Youku platform.

ffmpeg -f flv -i myfile.flv ...
ffmpeg -f live_flv -i rtmp://<any.server>/anything/key ....

-flv_metadata bool

    Allocate the streams according to the onMetaData array content.

-flv_ignore_prevtag bool

    Ignore the size of previous tag value.

-flv_full_metadata bool

    Output all context of the onMetadata.


      3.10 gif

Animated GIF demuxer.

It accepts the following options:

min_delay

    Set the minimum valid delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
    Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 2.

max_gif_delay

    Set the maximum valid delay between frames in hundredth of seconds.
    Range is 0 to 65535. Default value is 65535 (nearly eleven minutes),
    the maximum value allowed by the specification.

default_delay

    Set the default delay between frames in hundredths of seconds. Range
    is 0 to 6000. Default value is 10.

ignore_loop

    GIF files can contain information to loop a certain number of times
    (or infinitely). If ignore_loop is set to 1, then the loop setting
    from the input will be ignored and looping will not occur. If set to
    0, then looping will occur and will cycle the number of times
    according to the GIF. Default value is 1.

For example, with the overlay filter, place an infinitely looping GIF
over another video:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ignore_loop 0 -i input.gif -filter_complex overlay=shortest=1 out.mkv

Note that in the above example the shortest option for overlay filter is
used to end the output video at the length of the shortest input file,
which in this case is input.mp4 as the GIF in this example loops
infinitely.


      3.11 hls

HLS demuxer

Apple HTTP Live Streaming demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams. The id
field is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting the discard
flags on AVStreams (by pressing ’a’ or ’v’ in ffplay), the caller can
decide which variant streams to actually receive. The total bitrate of
the variant that the stream belongs to is available in a metadata key
named "variant_bitrate".

It accepts the following options:

live_start_index

    segment index to start live streams at (negative values are from the
    end).

prefer_x_start

    prefer to use #EXT-X-START if it’s in playlist instead of
    live_start_index.

allowed_extensions

    ’,’ separated list of file extensions that hls is allowed to access.

max_reload

    Maximum number of times a insufficient list is attempted to be
    reloaded. Default value is 1000.

m3u8_hold_counters

    The maximum number of times to load m3u8 when it refreshes without
    new segments. Default value is 1000.

http_persistent

    Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP streams.
    Enabled by default.

http_multiple

    Use multiple HTTP connections for downloading HTTP segments. Enabled
    by default for HTTP/1.1 servers.

http_seekable

    Use HTTP partial requests for downloading HTTP segments. 0 =
    disable, 1 = enable, -1 = auto, Default is auto.

seg_format_options

    Set options for the demuxer of media segments using a list of
    key=value pairs separated by |:|.

seg_max_retry

    Maximum number of times to reload a segment on error, useful when
    segment skip on network error is not desired. Default value is 0.


      3.12 image2

Image file demuxer.

This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern.
The syntax and meaning of the pattern is specified by the option
pattern_type.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
determine the format of the images contained in the files.

The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the
same for all the files in the sequence.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate

    Set the frame rate for the video stream. It defaults to 25.

loop

    If set to 1, loop over the input. Default value is 0.

pattern_type

    Select the pattern type used to interpret the provided filename.

    pattern_type accepts one of the following values.

    none

        Disable pattern matching, therefore the video will only contain
        the specified image. You should use this option if you do not
        want to create sequences from multiple images and your filenames
        may contain special pattern characters.

    sequence

        Select a sequence pattern type, used to specify a sequence of
        files indexed by sequential numbers.

        A sequence pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0Nd", which
        specifies the position of the characters representing a
        sequential number in each filename matched by the pattern. If
        the form "%d0Nd" is used, the string representing the number in
        each filename is 0-padded and N is the total number of 0-padded
        digits representing the number. The literal character ’%’ can be
        specified in the pattern with the string "%%".

        If the sequence pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first
        filename of the file list specified by the pattern must contain
        a number inclusively contained between start_number and
        start_number+start_number_range-1, and all the following numbers
        must be sequential.

        For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will match a sequence of
        filenames of the form img-001.bmp, img-002.bmp, ...,
        img-010.bmp, etc.; the pattern "i%%m%%g-%d.jpg" will match a
        sequence of filenames of the form i%m%g-1.jpg, i%m%g-2.jpg, ...,
        i%m%g-10.jpg, etc.

        Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
        "%0Nd", for example to convert a single image file img.jpeg you
        can employ the command:

        ffmpeg -i img.jpeg img.png

    glob

        Select a glob wildcard pattern type.

        The pattern is interpreted like a |glob()| pattern. This is only
        selectable if libavformat was compiled with globbing support.

    glob_sequence /(deprecated, will be removed)/

        Select a mixed glob wildcard/sequence pattern.

        If your version of libavformat was compiled with globbing
        support, and the provided pattern contains at least one glob
        meta character among |%*?[]{}| that is preceded by an unescaped
        "%", the pattern is interpreted like a |glob()| pattern,
        otherwise it is interpreted like a sequence pattern.

        All glob special characters |%*?[]{}| must be prefixed with "%".
        To escape a literal "%" you shall use "%%".

        For example the pattern |foo-%*.jpeg| will match all the
        filenames prefixed by "foo-" and terminating with ".jpeg", and
        |foo-%?%?%?.jpeg| will match all the filenames prefixed with
        "foo-", followed by a sequence of three characters, and
        terminating with ".jpeg".

        This pattern type is deprecated in favor of glob and sequence.

    Default value is glob_sequence.

pixel_format

    Set the pixel format of the images to read. If not specified the
    pixel format is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

start_number

    Set the index of the file matched by the image file pattern to start
    to read from. Default value is 0.

start_number_range

    Set the index interval range to check when looking for the first
    image file in the sequence, starting from start_number. Default
    value is 5.

ts_from_file

    If set to 1, will set frame timestamp to modification time of image
    file. Note that monotonity of timestamps is not provided: images go
    in the same order as without this option. Default value is 0. If set
    to 2, will set frame timestamp to the modification time of the image
    file in nanosecond precision.

video_size

    Set the video size of the images to read. If not specified the video
    size is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

export_path_metadata

    If set to 1, will add two extra fields to the metadata found in
    input, making them also available for other filters (see drawtext
    filter for examples). Default value is 0. The extra fields are
    described below:

    lavf.image2dec.source_path

        Corresponds to the full path to the input file being read.

    lavf.image2dec.source_basename

        Corresponds to the name of the file being read.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-1>


        3.12.1 Examples

  * Use |ffmpeg| for creating a video from the images in the file
    sequence img-001.jpeg, img-002.jpeg, ..., assuming an input frame
    rate of 10 frames per second:

    ffmpeg -framerate 10 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

  * As above, but start by reading from a file with index 100 in the
    sequence:

    ffmpeg -framerate 10 -start_number 100 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

  * Read images matching the "*.png" glob pattern , that is all the
    files terminating with the ".png" suffix:

    ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.png" out.mkv


      3.13 libgme

The Game Music Emu library is a collection of video game music file
emulators.

See
https://bitbucket.org/mpyne/game-music-emu/overview

for more information.

It accepts the following options:

track_index

    Set the index of which track to demux. The demuxer can only export
    one track. Track indexes start at 0. Default is to pick the first
    track. Number of tracks is exported as tracks metadata entry.

sample_rate

    Set the sampling rate of the exported track. Range is 1000 to
    999999. Default is 44100.

max_size /(bytes)/

    The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value
    to set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for
    the size of files that can be read. Default is 50 MiB.


      3.14 libmodplug

ModPlug based module demuxer

See
https://github.com/Konstanty/libmodplug

It will export one 2-channel 16-bit 44.1 kHz audio stream. Optionally, a
|pal8| 16-color video stream can be exported with or without printed
metadata.

It accepts the following options:

noise_reduction

    Apply a simple low-pass filter. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

reverb_depth

    Set amount of reverb. Range 0-100. Default is 0.

reverb_delay

    Set delay in ms, clamped to 40-250 ms. Default is 0.

bass_amount

    Apply bass expansion a.k.a. XBass or megabass. Range is 0 (quiet) to
    100 (loud). Default is 0.

bass_range

    Set cutoff i.e. upper-bound for bass frequencies. Range is 10-100
    Hz. Default is 0.

surround_depth

    Apply a Dolby Pro-Logic surround effect. Range is 0 (quiet) to 100
    (heavy). Default is 0.

surround_delay

    Set surround delay in ms, clamped to 5-40 ms. Default is 0.

max_size

    The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value
    to set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for
    the size of files that can be read. Range is 0 to 100 MiB. 0 removes
    buffer size limit (not recommended). Default is 5 MiB.

video_stream_expr

    String which is evaluated using the eval API to assign colors to the
    generated video stream. Variables which can be used are |x|, |y|,
    |w|, |h|, |t|, |speed|, |tempo|, |order|, |pattern| and |row|.

video_stream

    Generate video stream. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

video_stream_w

    Set video frame width in ’chars’ where one char indicates 8 pixels.
    Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

video_stream_h

    Set video frame height in ’chars’ where one char indicates 8 pixels.
    Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

video_stream_ptxt

    Print metadata on video stream. Includes |speed|, |tempo|, |order|,
    |pattern|, |row| and |ts| (time in ms). Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off).
    Default is 1.


      3.15 libopenmpt

libopenmpt based module demuxer

See
https://lib.openmpt.org/libopenmpt/

for more information.

Some files have multiple subsongs (tracks) this can be set with the
subsong option.

It accepts the following options:

subsong

    Set the subsong index. This can be either ’all’, ’auto’, or the
    index of the subsong. Subsong indexes start at 0. The default is
    ’auto’.

    The default value is to let libopenmpt choose.

layout

    Set the channel layout. Valid values are 1, 2, and 4 channel
    layouts. The default value is STEREO.

sample_rate

    Set the sample rate for libopenmpt to output. Range is from 1000 to
    INT_MAX. The value default is 48000.


      3.16 mov/mp4/3gp

Demuxer for Quicktime File Format & ISO/IEC Base Media File Format
(ISO/IEC 14496-12 or MPEG-4 Part 12, ISO/IEC 15444-12 or JPEG 2000 Part
12).

Registered extensions: mov, mp4, m4a, 3gp, 3g2, mj2, psp, m4b, ism,
ismv, isma, f4v

  *
    Options

    <#Options-3>
  *
    Audible AAX

    <#Audible-AAX>


        3.16.1 Options

This demuxer accepts the following options:

enable_drefs

    Enable loading of external tracks, disabled by default. Enabling
    this can theoretically leak information in some use cases.

use_absolute_path

    Allows loading of external tracks via absolute paths, disabled by
    default. Enabling this poses a security risk. It should only be
    enabled if the source is known to be non-malicious.

seek_streams_individually

    When seeking, identify the closest point in each stream individually
    and demux packets in that stream from identified point. This can
    lead to a different sequence of packets compared to demuxing
    linearly from the beginning. Default is true.

ignore_editlist

    Ignore any edit list atoms. The demuxer, by default, modifies the
    stream index to reflect the timeline described by the edit list.
    Default is false.

advanced_editlist

    Modify the stream index to reflect the timeline described by the
    edit list. |ignore_editlist| must be set to false for this option to
    be effective. If both |ignore_editlist| and this option are set to
    false, then only the start of the stream index is modified to
    reflect initial dwell time or starting timestamp described by the
    edit list. Default is true.

ignore_chapters

    Don’t parse chapters. This includes GoPro ’HiLight’ tags/moments.
    Note that chapters are only parsed when input is seekable. Default
    is false.

use_mfra_for

    For seekable fragmented input, set fragment’s starting timestamp
    from media fragment random access box, if present.

    Following options are available:

    ‘auto’

        Auto-detect whether to set mfra timestamps as PTS or DTS
        /(default)/

    ‘dts’

        Set mfra timestamps as DTS

    ‘pts’

        Set mfra timestamps as PTS

    ‘0’

        Don’t use mfra box to set timestamps

use_tfdt

    For fragmented input, set fragment’s starting timestamp to
    |baseMediaDecodeTime| from the |tfdt| box. Default is enabled, which
    will prefer to use the |tfdt| box to set DTS. Disable to use the
    |earliest_presentation_time| from the |sidx| box. In either case,
    the timestamp from the |mfra| box will be used if it’s available and
    |use_mfra_for| is set to pts or dts.

export_all

    Export unrecognized boxes within the udta box as metadata entries.
    The first four characters of the box type are set as the key.
    Default is false.

export_xmp

    Export entire contents of XMP_ box and uuid box as a string with key
    |xmp|. Note that if |export_all| is set and this option isn’t, the
    contents of XMP_ box are still exported but with key |XMP_|. Default
    is false.

activation_bytes

    4-byte key required to decrypt Audible AAX and AAX+ files. See
    Audible AAX subsection below.

audible_fixed_key

    Fixed key used for handling Audible AAX/AAX+ files. It has been
    pre-set so should not be necessary to specify.

decryption_key

    16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common
    Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

max_stts_delta

    Very high sample deltas written in a trak’s stts box may
    occasionally be intended but usually they are written in error or
    used to store a negative value for dts correction when treated as
    signed 32-bit integers. This option lets the user set an upper
    limit, beyond which the delta is clamped to 1. Values greater than
    the limit if negative when cast to int32 are used to adjust onward dts.

    Unit is the track time scale. Range is 0 to UINT_MAX. Default is
    |UINT_MAX - 48000*10| which allows upto a 10 second dts correction
    for 48 kHz audio streams while accommodating 99.9% of |uint32| range.

interleaved_read

    Interleave packets from multiple tracks at demuxer level. For badly
    interleaved files, this prevents playback issues caused by large
    gaps between packets in different tracks, as MOV/MP4 do not have
    packet placement requirements. However, this can cause excessive
    seeking on very badly interleaved files, due to seeking between
    tracks, so disabling it may prevent I/O issues, at the expense of
    playback.


        3.16.2 Audible AAX

Audible AAX files are encrypted M4B files, and they can be decrypted by
specifying a 4 byte activation secret.

ffmpeg -activation_bytes 1CEB00DA -i test.aax -vn -c:a copy output.mp4


      3.17 mpegts

MPEG-2 transport stream demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

resync_size

    Set size limit for looking up a new synchronization. Default value
    is 65536.

skip_unknown_pmt

    Skip PMTs for programs not defined in the PAT. Default value is 0.

fix_teletext_pts

    Override teletext packet PTS and DTS values with the timestamps
    calculated from the PCR of the first program which the teletext
    stream is part of and is not discarded. Default value is 1, set this
    option to 0 if you want your teletext packet PTS and DTS values
    untouched.

ts_packetsize

    Output option carrying the raw packet size in bytes. Show the
    detected raw packet size, cannot be set by the user.

scan_all_pmts

    Scan and combine all PMTs. The value is an integer with value from
    -1 to 1 (-1 means automatic setting, 1 means enabled, 0 means
    disabled). Default value is -1.

merge_pmt_versions

    Re-use existing streams when a PMT’s version is updated and
    elementary streams move to different PIDs. Default value is 0.

max_packet_size

    Set maximum size, in bytes, of packet emitted by the demuxer.
    Payloads above this size are split across multiple packets. Range is
    1 to INT_MAX/2. Default is 204800 bytes.


      3.18 mpjpeg

MJPEG encapsulated in multi-part MIME demuxer.

This demuxer allows reading of MJPEG, where each frame is represented as
a part of multipart/x-mixed-replace stream.

strict_mime_boundary

    Default implementation applies a relaxed standard to multi-part MIME
    boundary detection, to prevent regression with numerous existing
    endpoints not generating a proper MIME MJPEG stream. Turning this
    option on by setting it to 1 will result in a stricter check of the
    boundary value.


      3.19 rawvideo

Raw video demuxer.

This demuxer allows one to read raw video data. Since there is no header
specifying the assumed video parameters, the user must specify them in
order to be able to decode the data correctly.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate

    Set input video frame rate. Default value is 25.

pixel_format

    Set the input video pixel format. Default value is |yuv420p|.

video_size

    Set the input video size. This value must be specified explicitly.

For example to read a rawvideo file input.raw with |ffplay|, assuming a
pixel format of |rgb24|, a video size of |320x240|, and a frame rate of
10 images per second, use the command:

ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format rgb24 -video_size 320x240 -framerate 10 input.raw


      3.20 sbg

SBaGen script demuxer.

This demuxer reads the script language used by SBaGen
http://uazu.net/sbagen/

to generate binaural beats sessions. A SBG script looks like that:

-SE
a: 300-2.5/3 440+4.5/0
b: 300-2.5/0 440+4.5/3
off: -
NOW      == a
+0:07:00 == b
+0:14:00 == a
+0:21:00 == b
+0:30:00    off

A SBG script can mix absolute and relative timestamps. If the script
uses either only absolute timestamps (including the script start time)
or only relative ones, then its layout is fixed, and the conversion is
straightforward. On the other hand, if the script mixes both kind of
timestamps, then the NOW reference for relative timestamps will be taken
from the current time of day at the time the script is read, and the
script layout will be frozen according to that reference. That means
that if the script is directly played, the actual times will match the
absolute timestamps up to the sound controller’s clock accuracy, but if
the user somehow pauses the playback or seeks, all times will be shifted
accordingly.


      3.21 tedcaptions

JSON captions used for
TED Talks

<http://www.ted.com/>.

TED does not provide links to the captions, but they can be guessed from
the page. The file tools/bookmarklets.html from the FFmpeg source tree
contains a bookmarklet to expose them.

This demuxer accepts the following option:

start_time

    Set the start time of the TED talk, in milliseconds. The default is
    15000 (15s). It is used to sync the captions with the downloadable
    videos, because they include a 15s intro.

Example: convert the captions to a format most players understand:

ffmpeg -i http://www.ted.com/talks/subtitles/id/1/lang/en talk1-en.srt


      3.22 vapoursynth

Vapoursynth wrapper.

Due to security concerns, Vapoursynth scripts will not be autodetected
so the input format has to be forced. For ff* CLI tools, add |-f
vapoursynth| before the input |-i yourscript.vpy|.

This demuxer accepts the following option:

max_script_size

    The demuxer buffers the entire script into memory. Adjust this value
    to set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for
    the size of scripts that can be read. Default is 1 MiB.


    4 Muxers

Muxers are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow writing multimedia
streams to a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported muxers are
enabled by default. You can list all available muxers using the
configure option |--list-muxers|.

You can disable all the muxers with the configure option
|--disable-muxers| and selectively enable / disable single muxers with
the options |--enable-muxer=MUXER| / |--disable-muxer=MUXER|.

The option |-muxers| of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled
muxers. Use |-formats| to view a combined list of enabled demuxers and
muxers.

A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.

  *
    a64

    <#a64-1>
  *
    adts

    <#adts-1>
  *
    aiff

    <#aiff-1>
  *
    alp

    <#alp-1>
  *
    asf

    <#asf-2>
  *
    avi

    <#avi-1>
  *
    chromaprint

    <#chromaprint-1>
  *
    crc

    <#crc-1>
  *
    dash

    <#dash-2>
  *
    fifo

    <#fifo-1>
  *
    flv

    <#flv>
  *
    framecrc

    <#framecrc-1>
  *
    framehash

    <#framehash-1>
  *
    framemd5

    <#framemd5-1>
  *
    gif

    <#gif-2>
  *
    hash

    <#hash-1>
  *
    hls

    <#hls-2>
  *
    ico

    <#ico-1>
  *
    image2

    <#image2-2>
  *
    matroska

    <#matroska>
  *
    md5

    <#md5-1>
  *
    mov, mp4, ismv

    <#mov_002c-mp4_002c-ismv>
  *
    mp3

    <#mp3>
  *
    mpegts

    <#mpegts-1>
  *
    mxf, mxf_d10, mxf_opatom

    <#mxf_002c-mxf_005fd10_002c-mxf_005fopatom>
  *
    null

    <#null>
  *
    nut

    <#nut>
  *
    ogg

    <#ogg>
  *
    raw muxers

    <#raw-muxers-1>
  *
    segment, stream_segment, ssegment

    <#segment_002c-stream_005fsegment_002c-ssegment>
  *
    smoothstreaming

    <#smoothstreaming>
  *
    streamhash

    <#streamhash-1>
  *
    tee

    <#tee-1>
  *
    webm_chunk

    <#webm_005fchunk>
  *
    webm_dash_manifest

    <#webm_005fdash_005fmanifest>


      4.1 a64

A64 muxer for Commodore 64 video. Accepts a single |a64_multi| or
|a64_multi5| codec video stream.


      4.2 adts

Audio Data Transport Stream muxer. It accepts a single AAC stream.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-4>


        4.2.1 Options

It accepts the following options:

write_id3v2 bool

    Enable to write ID3v2.4 tags at the start of the stream. Default is
    disabled.

write_apetag bool

    Enable to write APE tags at the end of the stream. Default is disabled.

write_mpeg2 bool

    Enable to set MPEG version bit in the ADTS frame header to 1 which
    indicates MPEG-2. Default is 0, which indicates MPEG-4.


      4.3 aiff

Audio Interchange File Format muxer.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-5>


        4.3.1 Options

It accepts the following options:

write_id3v2

    Enable ID3v2 tags writing when set to 1. Default is 0 (disabled).

id3v2_version

    Select ID3v2 version to write. Currently only version 3 and 4 (aka.
    ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4) are supported. The default is version 4.


      4.4 alp

Muxer for audio of High Voltage Software’s Lego Racers game. It accepts
a single ADPCM_IMA_ALP stream with no more than 2 channels nor a sample
rate greater than 44100 Hz.

Extensions: tun, pcm

  *
    Options

    <#Options-6>


        4.4.1 Options

It accepts the following options:

type type

    Set file type.

    ‘tun’

        Set file type as music. Must have a sample rate of 22050 Hz.

    ‘pcm’

        Set file type as sfx.

    ‘auto’

        Set file type as per output file extension. |.pcm| results in
        type |pcm| else type |tun| is set. (default)


      4.5 asf

Advanced Systems Format muxer.

Note that Windows Media Audio (wma) and Windows Media Video (wmv) use
this muxer too.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-7>


        4.5.1 Options

It accepts the following options:

packet_size

    Set the muxer packet size. By tuning this setting you may reduce
    data fragmentation or muxer overhead depending on your source.
    Default value is 3200, minimum is 100, maximum is 64k.


      4.6 avi

Audio Video Interleaved muxer.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-8>


        4.6.1 Options

It accepts the following options:

reserve_index_space

    Reserve the specified amount of bytes for the OpenDML master index
    of each stream within the file header. By default additional master
    indexes are embedded within the data packets if there is no space
    left in the first master index and are linked together as a chain of
    indexes. This index structure can cause problems for some use cases,
    e.g. third-party software strictly relying on the OpenDML index
    specification or when file seeking is slow. Reserving enough index
    space in the file header avoids these problems.

    The required index space depends on the output file size and should
    be about 16 bytes per gigabyte. When this option is omitted or set
    to zero the necessary index space is guessed.

write_channel_mask

    Write the channel layout mask into the audio stream header.

    This option is enabled by default. Disabling the channel mask can be
    useful in specific scenarios, e.g. when merging multiple audio
    streams into one for compatibility with software that only supports
    a single audio stream in AVI (see
    (ffmpeg-filters)the "amerge" section in the ffmpeg-filters manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-filters.html#amerge>).


flipped_raw_rgb

    If set to true, store positive height for raw RGB bitmaps, which
    indicates bitmap is stored bottom-up. Note that this option does not
    flip the bitmap which has to be done manually beforehand, e.g. by
    using the vflip filter. Default is false and indicates bitmap is
    stored top down.


      4.7 chromaprint

Chromaprint fingerprinter.

This muxer feeds audio data to the Chromaprint library, which generates
a fingerprint for the provided audio data. See
https://acoustid.org/chromaprint

It takes a single signed native-endian 16-bit raw audio stream of at
most 2 channels.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-9>


        4.7.1 Options

silence_threshold

    Threshold for detecting silence. Range is from -1 to 32767, where -1
    disables silence detection. Silence detection can only be used with
    version 3 of the algorithm. Silence detection must be disabled for
    use with the AcoustID service. Default is -1.

algorithm

    Version of algorithm to fingerprint with. Range is 0 to 4. Version 3
    enables silence detection. Default is 1.

fp_format

    Format to output the fingerprint as. Accepts the following options:

    ‘raw’

        Binary raw fingerprint

    ‘compressed’

        Binary compressed fingerprint

    ‘base64’

        Base64 compressed fingerprint /(default)/


      4.8 crc

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.

This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio
and video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit
raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the CRC.

The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form:
CRC=0xCRC, where CRC is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to 8 digits
containing the CRC for all the decoded input frames.

See also the
framecrc

<#framecrc> muxer.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-2>


        4.8.1 Examples

For example to compute the CRC of the input, and store it in the file
out.crc:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f crc out.crc

You can print the CRC to stdout with the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f crc -

You can select the output format of each frame with |ffmpeg| by
specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example to compute
the CRC of the input audio converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit and the input
video converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc -


      4.9 dash

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) muxer that creates segments
and manifest files according to the MPEG-DASH standard ISO/IEC
23009-1:2014.

For more information see:

  * ISO DASH Specification:
    http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065274_ISO_IEC_23009-1_2014.zip

  * WebM DASH Specification:
    https://sites.google.com/a/webmproject.org/wiki/adaptive-streaming/webm-dash-specification

It creates a MPD manifest file and segment files for each stream.

The segment filename might contain pre-defined identifiers used with
SegmentTemplate as defined in section 5.3.9.4.4 of the standard.
Available identifiers are "$RepresentationID$", "$Number$",
"$Bandwidth$" and "$Time$". In addition to the standard identifiers, an
ffmpeg-specific "$ext$" identifier is also supported. When specified
ffmpeg will replace $ext$ in the file name with muxing format’s
extensions such as mp4, webm etc.,

ffmpeg -re -i <input> -map 0 -map 0 -c:a libfdk_aac -c:v libx264 \
-b:v:0 800k -b:v:1 300k -s:v:1 320x170 -profile:v:1 baseline \
-profile:v:0 main -bf 1 -keyint_min 120 -g 120 -sc_threshold 0 \
-b_strategy 0 -ar:a:1 22050 -use_timeline 1 -use_template 1 \
-window_size 5 -adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=v id=1,streams=a" \
-f dash /path/to/out.mpd

seg_duration duration

    Set the segment length in seconds (fractional value can be set). The
    value is treated as average segment duration when use_template is
    enabled and use_timeline is disabled and as minimum segment duration
    for all the other use cases.

frag_duration duration

    Set the length in seconds of fragments within segments (fractional
    value can be set).

frag_type type

    Set the type of interval for fragmentation.

window_size size

    Set the maximum number of segments kept in the manifest.

extra_window_size size

    Set the maximum number of segments kept outside of the manifest
    before removing from disk.

remove_at_exit remove

    Enable (1) or disable (0) removal of all segments when finished.

use_template template

    Enable (1) or disable (0) use of SegmentTemplate instead of
    SegmentList.

use_timeline timeline

    Enable (1) or disable (0) use of SegmentTimeline in SegmentTemplate.

single_file single_file

    Enable (1) or disable (0) storing all segments in one file, accessed
    using byte ranges.

single_file_name file_name

    DASH-templated name to be used for baseURL. Implies single_file set
    to "1". In the template, "$ext$" is replaced with the file name
    extension specific for the segment format.

init_seg_name init_name

    DASH-templated name to used for the initialization segment. Default
    is "init-stream$RepresentationID$.$ext$". "$ext$" is replaced with
    the file name extension specific for the segment format.

media_seg_name segment_name

    DASH-templated name to used for the media segments. Default is
    "chunk-stream$RepresentationID$-$Number%05d$.$ext$". "$ext$" is
    replaced with the file name extension specific for the segment format.

utc_timing_url utc_url

    URL of the page that will return the UTC timestamp in ISO format.
    Example: "https://time.akamai.com/?iso"

method method

    Use the given HTTP method to create output files. Generally set to
    PUT or POST.

http_user_agent user_agent

    Override User-Agent field in HTTP header. Applicable only for HTTP
    output.

http_persistent http_persistent

    Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP output.

hls_playlist hls_playlist

    Generate HLS playlist files as well. The master playlist is
    generated with the filename hls_master_name. One media playlist file
    is generated for each stream with filenames media_0.m3u8,
    media_1.m3u8, etc.

hls_master_name file_name

    HLS master playlist name. Default is "master.m3u8".

streaming streaming

    Enable (1) or disable (0) chunk streaming mode of output. In chunk
    streaming mode, each frame will be a moof fragment which forms a chunk.

adaptation_sets adaptation_sets

    Assign streams to AdaptationSets. Syntax is "id=x,streams=a,b,c
    id=y,streams=d,e" with x and y being the IDs of the adaptation sets
    and a,b,c,d and e are the indices of the mapped streams.

    To map all video (or audio) streams to an AdaptationSet, "v" (or
    "a") can be used as stream identifier instead of IDs.

    When no assignment is defined, this defaults to an AdaptationSet for
    each stream.

    Optional syntax is
    "id=x,seg_duration=x,frag_duration=x,frag_type=type,descriptor=descriptor_string,streams=a,b,c
    id=y,seg_duration=y,frag_type=type,streams=d,e" and so on,
    descriptor is useful to the scheme defined by ISO/IEC
    23009-1:2014/Amd.2:2015. For example, -adaptation_sets
    "id=0,descriptor=<SupplementalProperty
    schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:srd:2014\"
    value=\"0,0,0,1,1,2,2\"/>,streams=v". Please note that descriptor
    string should be a self-closing xml tag. seg_duration, frag_duration
    and frag_type override the global option values for each adaptation
    set. For example, -adaptation_sets
    "id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_duration=1,frag_type=duration,streams=v
    id=1,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=a" type_id marks an
    adaptation set as containing streams meant to be used for Trick Mode
    for the referenced adaptation set. For example, -adaptation_sets
    "id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=0
    id=1,seg_duration=10,frag_type=none,trick_id=0,streams=1"

timeout timeout

    Set timeout for socket I/O operations. Applicable only for HTTP output.

index_correction index_correction

    Enable (1) or Disable (0) segment index correction logic. Applicable
    only when use_template is enabled and use_timeline is disabled.

    When enabled, the logic monitors the flow of segment indexes. If a
    streams’s segment index value is not at the expected real time
    position, then the logic corrects that index value.

    Typically this logic is needed in live streaming use cases. The
    network bandwidth fluctuations are common during long run streaming.
    Each fluctuation can cause the segment indexes fall behind the
    expected real time position.

format_options options_list

    Set container format (mp4/webm) options using a |:| separated list
    of key=value parameters. Values containing |:| special characters
    must be escaped.

global_sidx global_sidx

    Write global SIDX atom. Applicable only for single file, mp4 output,
    non-streaming mode.

dash_segment_type dash_segment_type

    Possible values:

    auto

        If this flag is set, the dash segment files format will be
        selected based on the stream codec. This is the default mode.

    mp4

        If this flag is set, the dash segment files will be in in
        ISOBMFF format.

    webm

        If this flag is set, the dash segment files will be in in WebM
        format.

ignore_io_errors ignore_io_errors

    Ignore IO errors during open and write. Useful for long-duration
    runs with network output.

lhls lhls

    Enable Low-latency HLS(LHLS). Adds #EXT-X-PREFETCH tag with current
    segment’s URI. hls.js player folks are trying to standardize an open
    LHLS spec. The draft spec is available in
    https://github.com/video-dev/hlsjs-rfcs/blob/lhls-spec/proposals/0001-lhls.md
    This option tries to comply with the above open spec. It enables
    streaming and hls_playlist options automatically. This is an
    experimental feature.

    Note: This is not Apple’s version LHLS. See
    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-pantos-hls-rfc8216bis

ldash ldash

    Enable Low-latency Dash by constraining the presence and values of
    some elements.

master_m3u8_publish_rate master_m3u8_publish_rate

    Publish master playlist repeatedly every after specified number of
    segment intervals.

write_prft write_prft

    Write Producer Reference Time elements on supported streams. This
    also enables writing prft boxes in the underlying muxer. Applicable
    only when the utc_url option is enabled. It’s set to auto by
    default, in which case the muxer will attempt to enable it only in
    modes that require it.

mpd_profile mpd_profile

    Set one or more manifest profiles.

http_opts http_opts

    A :-separated list of key=value options to pass to the underlying
    HTTP protocol. Applicable only for HTTP output.

target_latency target_latency

    Set an intended target latency in seconds (fractional value can be
    set) for serving. Applicable only when streaming and write_prft
    options are enabled. This is an informative fields clients can use
    to measure the latency of the service.

min_playback_rate min_playback_rate

    Set the minimum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the
    purposes of automatically adjusting playback latency and buffer
    occupancy during normal playback by clients.

max_playback_rate max_playback_rate

    Set the maximum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the
    purposes of automatically adjusting playback latency and buffer
    occupancy during normal playback by clients.

update_period update_period

    Set the mpd update period ,for dynamic content. The unit is second.


      4.10 fifo

The fifo pseudo-muxer allows the separation of encoding and muxing by
using first-in-first-out queue and running the actual muxer in a
separate thread. This is especially useful in combination with the
tee

<#tee> muxer and can be used to send data to several destinations with
different reliability/writing speed/latency.

API users should be aware that callback functions (interrupt_callback,
io_open and io_close) used within its AVFormatContext must be thread-safe.

The behavior of the fifo muxer if the queue fills up or if the output
fails is selectable,

  * output can be transparently restarted with configurable delay
    between retries based on real time or time of the processed stream.
  * encoding can be blocked during temporary failure, or continue
    transparently dropping packets in case fifo queue fills up. 

fifo_format

    Specify the format name. Useful if it cannot be guessed from the
    output name suffix.

queue_size

    Specify size of the queue (number of packets). Default value is 60.

format_opts

    Specify format options for the underlying muxer. Muxer options can
    be specified as a list of key=value pairs separated by ’:’.

drop_pkts_on_overflow bool

    If set to 1 (true), in case the fifo queue fills up, packets will be
    dropped rather than blocking the encoder. This makes it possible to
    continue streaming without delaying the input, at the cost of
    omitting part of the stream. By default this option is set to 0
    (false), so in such cases the encoder will be blocked until the
    muxer processes some of the packets and none of them is lost.

attempt_recovery bool

    If failure occurs, attempt to recover the output. This is especially
    useful when used with network output, since it makes it possible to
    restart streaming transparently. By default this option is set to 0
    (false).

max_recovery_attempts

    Sets maximum number of successive unsuccessful recovery attempts
    after which the output fails permanently. By default this option is
    set to 0 (unlimited).

recovery_wait_time duration

    Waiting time before the next recovery attempt after previous
    unsuccessful recovery attempt. Default value is 5 seconds.

recovery_wait_streamtime bool

    If set to 0 (false), the real time is used when waiting for the
    recovery attempt (i.e. the recovery will be attempted after at least
    recovery_wait_time seconds). If set to 1 (true), the time of the
    processed stream is taken into account instead (i.e. the recovery
    will be attempted after at least recovery_wait_time seconds of the
    stream is omitted). By default, this option is set to 0 (false).

recover_any_error bool

    If set to 1 (true), recovery will be attempted regardless of type of
    the error causing the failure. By default this option is set to 0
    (false) and in case of certain (usually permanent) errors the
    recovery is not attempted even when attempt_recovery is set to 1.

restart_with_keyframe bool

    Specify whether to wait for the keyframe after recovering from queue
    overflow or failure. This option is set to 0 (false) by default.

timeshift duration

    Buffer the specified amount of packets and delay writing the output.
    Note that queue_size must be big enough to store the packets for
    timeshift. At the end of the input the fifo buffer is flushed at
    realtime speed.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-3>


        4.10.1 Examples

  * Stream something to rtmp server, continue processing the stream at
    real-time rate even in case of temporary failure (network outage)
    and attempt to recover streaming every second indefinitely.

    ffmpeg -re -i ... -c:v libx264 -c:a aac -f fifo -fifo_format flv -map 0:v -map 0:a
      -drop_pkts_on_overflow 1 -attempt_recovery 1 -recovery_wait_time 1 rtmp://example.com/live/stream_name


      4.11 flv

Adobe Flash Video Format muxer.

This muxer accepts the following options:

flvflags flags

    Possible values:

    ‘aac_seq_header_detect’

        Place AAC sequence header based on audio stream data.

    ‘no_sequence_end’

        Disable sequence end tag.

    ‘no_metadata’

        Disable metadata tag.

    ‘no_duration_filesize’

        Disable duration and filesize in metadata when they are equal to
        zero at the end of stream. (Be used to non-seekable living stream).

    ‘add_keyframe_index’

        Used to facilitate seeking; particularly for HTTP pseudo streaming.


      4.12 framecrc

Per-packet CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.

This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC for each audio and video
packet. By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio
and video frames to raw video before computing the CRC.

The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video
packet of the form:

stream_index, packet_dts, packet_pts, packet_duration, packet_size, 0xCRC

CRC is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC of
the packet.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-4>


        4.12.1 Examples

For example to compute the CRC of the audio and video frames in INPUT,
converted to raw audio and video packets, and store it in the file out.crc:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framecrc out.crc

To print the information to stdout, use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framecrc -

With |ffmpeg|, you can select the output format to which the audio and
video frames are encoded before computing the CRC for each packet by
specifying the audio and video codec. For example, to compute the CRC of
each decoded input audio frame converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit and of
each decoded input video frame converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f framecrc -

See also the
crc

<#crc> muxer.


      4.13 framehash

Per-packet hash testing format.

This muxer computes and prints a cryptographic hash for each audio and
video packet. This can be used for packet-by-packet equality checks
without having to individually do a binary comparison on each.

By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio and
video frames to raw video before computing the hash, but the output of
explicit conversions to other codecs can also be used. It uses the
SHA-256 cryptographic hash function by default, but supports several
other algorithms.

The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video
packet of the form:

stream_index, packet_dts, packet_pts, packet_duration, packet_size, hash

hash is a hexadecimal number representing the computed hash for the packet.

hash algorithm

    Use the cryptographic hash function specified by the string
    algorithm. Supported values include |MD5|, |murmur3|, |RIPEMD128|,
    |RIPEMD160|, |RIPEMD256|, |RIPEMD320|, |SHA160|, |SHA224|, |SHA256|
    (default), |SHA512/224|, |SHA512/256|, |SHA384|, |SHA512|, |CRC32|
    and |adler32|.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-5>


        4.13.1 Examples

To compute the SHA-256 hash of the audio and video frames in INPUT,
converted to raw audio and video packets, and store it in the file
out.sha256:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framehash out.sha256

To print the information to stdout, using the MD5 hash function, use the
command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framehash -hash md5 -

See also the
hash

<#hash> muxer.


      4.14 framemd5

Per-packet MD5 testing format.

This is a variant of the
framehash

<#framehash> muxer. Unlike that muxer, it defaults to using the MD5 hash
function.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-6>


        4.14.1 Examples

To compute the MD5 hash of the audio and video frames in INPUT,
converted to raw audio and video packets, and store it in the file out.md5:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framemd5 out.md5

To print the information to stdout, use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f framemd5 -

See also the
framehash

<#framehash> and
md5

<#md5> muxers.


      4.15 gif

Animated GIF muxer.

It accepts the following options:

loop

    Set the number of times to loop the output. Use |-1| for no loop,
    |0| for looping indefinitely (default).

final_delay

    Force the delay (expressed in centiseconds) after the last frame.
    Each frame ends with a delay until the next frame. The default is
    |-1|, which is a special value to tell the muxer to re-use the
    previous delay. In case of a loop, you might want to customize this
    value to mark a pause for instance.

For example, to encode a gif looping 10 times, with a 5 seconds delay
between the loops:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -loop 10 -final_delay 500 out.gif

Note 1: if you wish to extract the frames into separate GIF files, you
need to force the
image2

<#image2> muxer:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:v gif -f image2 "out%d.gif"

Note 2: the GIF format has a very large time base: the delay between two
frames can therefore not be smaller than one centi second.


      4.16 hash

Hash testing format.

This muxer computes and prints a cryptographic hash of all the input
audio and video frames. This can be used for equality checks without
having to do a complete binary comparison.

By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio and
video frames to raw video before computing the hash, but the output of
explicit conversions to other codecs can also be used. Timestamps are
ignored. It uses the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function by default, but
supports several other algorithms.

The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form:
algo=hash, where algo is a short string representing the hash function
used, and hash is a hexadecimal number representing the computed hash.

hash algorithm

    Use the cryptographic hash function specified by the string
    algorithm. Supported values include |MD5|, |murmur3|, |RIPEMD128|,
    |RIPEMD160|, |RIPEMD256|, |RIPEMD320|, |SHA160|, |SHA224|, |SHA256|
    (default), |SHA512/224|, |SHA512/256|, |SHA384|, |SHA512|, |CRC32|
    and |adler32|.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-7>


        4.16.1 Examples

To compute the SHA-256 hash of the input converted to raw audio and
video, and store it in the file out.sha256:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f hash out.sha256

To print an MD5 hash to stdout use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f hash -hash md5 -

See also the
framehash

<#framehash> muxer.


      4.17 hls

Apple HTTP Live Streaming muxer that segments MPEG-TS according to the
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) specification.

It creates a playlist file, and one or more segment files. The output
filename specifies the playlist filename.

By default, the muxer creates a file for each segment produced. These
files have the same name as the playlist, followed by a sequential
number and a .ts extension.

Make sure to require a closed GOP when encoding and to set the GOP size
to fit your segment time constraint.

For example, to convert an input file with |ffmpeg|:

ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c:v h264 -flags +cgop -g 30 -hls_time 1 out.m3u8

This example will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
out0.ts, out1.ts, out2.ts, etc.

See also the
segment

<#segment> muxer, which provides a more generic and flexible
implementation of a segmenter, and can be used to perform HLS segmentation.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-10>


        4.17.1 Options

This muxer supports the following options:

hls_init_time duration

    Set the initial target segment length. Default value is 0.

    duration must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


    Segment will be cut on the next key frame after this time has passed
    on the first m3u8 list. After the initial playlist is filled
    |ffmpeg| will cut segments at duration equal to |hls_time|

hls_time duration

    Set the target segment length. Default value is 2.

    duration must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.
    Segment will be cut on the next key frame after this time has passed.

hls_list_size size

    Set the maximum number of playlist entries. If set to 0 the list
    file will contain all the segments. Default value is 5.

hls_delete_threshold size

    Set the number of unreferenced segments to keep on disk before
    |hls_flags delete_segments| deletes them. Increase this to allow
    continue clients to download segments which were recently referenced
    in the playlist. Default value is 1, meaning segments older than
    |hls_list_size+1| will be deleted.

hls_start_number_source

    Start the playlist sequence number (|#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE|)
    according to the specified source. Unless |hls_flags single_file| is
    set, it also specifies source of starting sequence numbers of
    segment and subtitle filenames. In any case, if |hls_flags
    append_list| is set and read playlist sequence number is greater
    than the specified start sequence number, then that value will be
    used as start value.

    It accepts the following values:

    generic (default)

        Set the starting sequence numbers according to start_number
        option value.

    epoch

        The start number will be the seconds since epoch (1970-01-01
        00:00:00)

    epoch_us

        The start number will be the microseconds since epoch
        (1970-01-01 00:00:00)

    datetime

        The start number will be based on the current date/time as
        YYYYmmddHHMMSS. e.g. 20161231235759.

start_number number

    Start the playlist sequence number (|#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE|) from
    the specified number when hls_start_number_source value is generic.
    (This is the default case.) Unless |hls_flags single_file| is set,
    it also specifies starting sequence numbers of segment and subtitle
    filenames. Default value is 0.

hls_allow_cache allowcache

    Explicitly set whether the client MAY (1) or MUST NOT (0) cache
    media segments.

hls_base_url baseurl

    Append baseurl to every entry in the playlist. Useful to generate
    playlists with absolute paths.

    Note that the playlist sequence number must be unique for each
    segment and it is not to be confused with the segment filename
    sequence number which can be cyclic, for example if the wrap option
    is specified.

hls_segment_filename filename

    Set the segment filename. Unless |hls_flags single_file| is set,
    filename is used as a string format with the segment number:

    ffmpeg -i in.nut -hls_segment_filename 'file%03d.ts' out.m3u8

    This example will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
    file000.ts, file001.ts, file002.ts, etc.

    filename may contain full path or relative path specification, but
    only the file name part without any path info will be contained in
    the m3u8 segment list. Should a relative path be specified, the path
    of the created segment files will be relative to the current working
    directory. When strftime_mkdir is set, the whole expanded value of
    filename will be written into the m3u8 segment list.

    When |var_stream_map| is set with two or more variant streams, the
    filename pattern must contain the string "%v", this string specifies
    the position of variant stream index in the generated segment file
    names.

    ffmpeg -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
      -hls_segment_filename 'file_%v_%03d.ts' out_%v.m3u8

    This example will produce the playlists segment file sets:
    file_0_000.ts, file_0_001.ts, file_0_002.ts, etc. and file_1_000.ts,
    file_1_001.ts, file_1_002.ts, etc.

    The string "%v" may be present in the filename or in the last
    directory name containing the file, but only in one of them.
    (Additionally, %v may appear multiple times in the last
    sub-directory or filename.) If the string %v is present in the
    directory name, then sub-directories are created after expanding the
    directory name pattern. This enables creation of segments
    corresponding to different variant streams in subdirectories.

    ffmpeg -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
      -hls_segment_filename 'vs%v/file_%03d.ts' vs%v/out.m3u8

    This example will produce the playlists segment file sets:
    vs0/file_000.ts, vs0/file_001.ts, vs0/file_002.ts, etc. and
    vs1/file_000.ts, vs1/file_001.ts, vs1/file_002.ts, etc.

strftime

    Use strftime() on filename to expand the segment filename with
    localtime. The segment number is also available in this mode, but to
    use it, you need to specify second_level_segment_index hls_flag and
    %%d will be the specifier.

    ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -hls_segment_filename 'file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

    This example will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
    file-20160215-1455569023.ts, file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc. Note:
    On some systems/environments, the |%s| specifier is not available.
    See |strftime()| documentation.

    ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -hls_flags second_level_segment_index -hls_segment_filename 'file-%Y%m%d-%%04d.ts' out.m3u8

    This example will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
    file-20160215-0001.ts, file-20160215-0002.ts, etc.

strftime_mkdir

    Used together with -strftime_mkdir, it will create all
    subdirectories which is expanded in filename.

    ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename '%Y%m%d/file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

    This example will create a directory 201560215 (if it does not
    exist), and then produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
    20160215/file-20160215-1455569023.ts,
    20160215/file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc.

    ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename '%Y/%m/%d/file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

    This example will create a directory hierarchy 2016/02/15 (if any of
    them do not exist), and then produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and
    segment files: 2016/02/15/file-20160215-1455569023.ts,
    2016/02/15/file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc.

hls_segment_options options_list

    Set output format options using a :-separated list of key=value
    parameters. Values containing |:| special characters must be escaped.

hls_key_info_file key_info_file

    Use the information in key_info_file for segment encryption. The
    first line of key_info_file specifies the key URI written to the
    playlist. The key URL is used to access the encryption key during
    playback. The second line specifies the path to the key file used to
    obtain the key during the encryption process. The key file is read
    as a single packed array of 16 octets in binary format. The optional
    third line specifies the initialization vector (IV) as a hexadecimal
    string to be used instead of the segment sequence number (default)
    for encryption. Changes to key_info_file will result in segment
    encryption with the new key/IV and an entry in the playlist for the
    new key URI/IV if |hls_flags periodic_rekey| is enabled.

    Key info file format:

    key URI
    key file path
    IV (optional)

    Example key URIs:

    http://server/file.key
    /path/to/file.key
    file.key

    Example key file paths:

    file.key
    /path/to/file.key

    Example IV:

    0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF

    Key info file example:

    http://server/file.key
    /path/to/file.key
    0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF

    Example shell script:

    #!/bin/sh
    BASE_URL=${1:-'.'}
    openssl rand 16 > file.key
    echo $BASE_URL/file.key > file.keyinfo
    echo file.key >> file.keyinfo
    echo $(openssl rand -hex 16) >> file.keyinfo
    ffmpeg -f lavfi -re -i testsrc -c:v h264 -hls_flags delete_segments \
      -hls_key_info_file file.keyinfo out.m3u8

-hls_enc enc

    Enable (1) or disable (0) the AES128 encryption. When enabled every
    segment generated is encrypted and the encryption key is saved as
    playlist name.key.

-hls_enc_key key

    16-octet key to encrypt the segments, by default it is randomly
    generated.

-hls_enc_key_url keyurl

    If set, keyurl is prepended instead of baseurl to the key filename
    in the playlist.

-hls_enc_iv iv

    16-octet initialization vector for every segment instead of the
    autogenerated ones.

hls_segment_type flags

    Possible values:

    ‘mpegts’

        Output segment files in MPEG-2 Transport Stream format. This is
        compatible with all HLS versions.

    ‘fmp4’

        Output segment files in fragmented MP4 format, similar to
        MPEG-DASH. fmp4 files may be used in HLS version 7 and above.

hls_fmp4_init_filename filename

    Set filename to the fragment files header file, default filename is
    init.mp4.

    Use |-strftime 1| on filename to expand the segment filename with
    localtime.

    ffmpeg -i in.nut  -hls_segment_type fmp4 -strftime 1 -hls_fmp4_init_filename "%s_init.mp4" out.m3u8

    This will produce init like this 1602678741_init.mp4

hls_fmp4_init_resend

    Resend init file after m3u8 file refresh every time, default is 0.

    When |var_stream_map| is set with two or more variant streams, the
    filename pattern must contain the string "%v", this string specifies
    the position of variant stream index in the generated init file
    names. The string "%v" may be present in the filename or in the last
    directory name containing the file. If the string is present in the
    directory name, then sub-directories are created after expanding the
    directory name pattern. This enables creation of init files
    corresponding to different variant streams in subdirectories.

hls_flags flags

    Possible values:

    ‘single_file’

        If this flag is set, the muxer will store all segments in a
        single MPEG-TS file, and will use byte ranges in the playlist.
        HLS playlists generated with this way will have the version
        number 4. For example:

        ffmpeg -i in.nut -hls_flags single_file out.m3u8

        Will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and a single segment file,
        out.ts.

    ‘delete_segments’

        Segment files removed from the playlist are deleted after a
        period of time equal to the duration of the segment plus the
        duration of the playlist.

    ‘append_list’

        Append new segments into the end of old segment list, and remove
        the |#EXT-X-ENDLIST| from the old segment list.

    ‘round_durations’

        Round the duration info in the playlist file segment info to
        integer values, instead of using floating point. If there are no
        other features requiring higher HLS versions be used, then this
        will allow ffmpeg to output a HLS version 2 m3u8.

    ‘discont_start’

        Add the |#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY| tag to the playlist, before the
        first segment’s information.

    ‘omit_endlist’

        Do not append the |EXT-X-ENDLIST| tag at the end of the playlist.

    ‘periodic_rekey’

        The file specified by |hls_key_info_file| will be checked
        periodically and detect updates to the encryption info. Be sure
        to replace this file atomically, including the file containing
        the AES encryption key.

    ‘independent_segments’

        Add the |#EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS| to playlists that has
        video segments and when all the segments of that playlist are
        guaranteed to start with a Key frame.

    ‘iframes_only’

        Add the |#EXT-X-I-FRAMES-ONLY| to playlists that has video
        segments and can play only I-frames in the |#EXT-X-BYTERANGE| mode.

    ‘split_by_time’

        Allow segments to start on frames other than keyframes. This
        improves behavior on some players when the time between
        keyframes is inconsistent, but may make things worse on others,
        and can cause some oddities during seeking. This flag should be
        used with the |hls_time| option.

    ‘program_date_time’

        Generate |EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME| tags.

    ‘second_level_segment_index’

        Makes it possible to use segment indexes as %%d in
        hls_segment_filename expression besides date/time values when
        strftime is on. To get fixed width numbers with trailing zeroes,
        %%0xd format is available where x is the required width.

    ‘second_level_segment_size’

        Makes it possible to use segment sizes (counted in bytes) as %%s
        in hls_segment_filename expression besides date/time values when
        strftime is on. To get fixed width numbers with trailing zeroes,
        %%0xs format is available where x is the required width.

    ‘second_level_segment_duration’

        Makes it possible to use segment duration (calculated in
        microseconds) as %%t in hls_segment_filename expression besides
        date/time values when strftime is on. To get fixed width numbers
        with trailing zeroes, %%0xt format is available where x is the
        required width.

        ffmpeg -i sample.mpeg \
           -f hls -hls_time 3 -hls_list_size 5 \
           -hls_flags second_level_segment_index+second_level_segment_size+second_level_segment_duration \
           -strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename "segment_%Y%m%d%H%M%S_%%04d_%%08s_%%013t.ts" stream.m3u8

        This will produce segments like this:
        segment_20170102194334_0003_00122200_0000003000000.ts,
        segment_20170102194334_0004_00120072_0000003000000.ts etc.

    ‘temp_file’

        Write segment data to filename.tmp and rename to filename only
        once the segment is complete. A webserver serving up segments
        can be configured to reject requests to *.tmp to prevent access
        to in-progress segments before they have been added to the m3u8
        playlist. This flag also affects how m3u8 playlist files are
        created. If this flag is set, all playlist files will written
        into temporary file and renamed after they are complete,
        similarly as segments are handled. But playlists with |file|
        protocol and with type (|hls_playlist_type|) other than |vod|
        are always written into temporary file regardless of this flag.
        Master playlist files (|master_pl_name|), if any, with |file|
        protocol, are always written into temporary file regardless of
        this flag if |master_pl_publish_rate| value is other than zero.

hls_playlist_type event

    Emit |#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:EVENT| in the m3u8 header. Forces
    hls_list_size to 0; the playlist can only be appended to.

hls_playlist_type vod

    Emit |#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:VOD| in the m3u8 header. Forces
    hls_list_size to 0; the playlist must not change.

method

    Use the given HTTP method to create the hls files.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -method PUT http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

    This example will upload all the mpegts segment files to the HTTP
    server using the HTTP PUT method, and update the m3u8 files every
    |refresh| times using the same method. Note that the HTTP server
    must support the given method for uploading files.

http_user_agent

    Override User-Agent field in HTTP header. Applicable only for HTTP
    output.

var_stream_map

    Map string which specifies how to group the audio, video and
    subtitle streams into different variant streams. The variant stream
    groups are separated by space. Expected string format is like this
    "a:0,v:0 a:1,v:1 ....". Here a:, v:, s: are the keys to specify
    audio, video and subtitle streams respectively. Allowed values are 0
    to 9 (limited just based on practical usage).

    When there are two or more variant streams, the output filename
    pattern must contain the string "%v", this string specifies the
    position of variant stream index in the output media playlist
    filenames. The string "%v" may be present in the filename or in the
    last directory name containing the file. If the string is present in
    the directory name, then sub-directories are created after expanding
    the directory name pattern. This enables creation of variant streams
    in subdirectories.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates two hls variant streams. The first variant
    stream will contain video stream of bitrate 1000k and audio stream
    of bitrate 64k and the second variant stream will contain video
    stream of bitrate 256k and audio stream of bitrate 32k. Here, two
    media playlist with file names out_0.m3u8 and out_1.m3u8 will be
    created. If you want something meaningful text instead of indexes in
    result names, you may specify names for each or some of the variants
    as in the following example.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,name:my_hd v:1,a:1,name:my_sd" \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates two hls variant streams as in the previous one.
    But here, the two media playlist with file names out_my_hd.m3u8 and
    out_my_sd.m3u8 will be created.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0 a:0 v:1" \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates three hls variant streams. The first variant
    stream will be a video only stream with video bitrate 1000k, the
    second variant stream will be an audio only stream with bitrate 64k
    and the third variant stream will be a video only stream with
    bitrate 256k. Here, three media playlist with file names out_0.m3u8,
    out_1.m3u8 and out_2.m3u8 will be created.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
      http://example.com/live/vs_%v/out.m3u8

    This example creates the variant streams in subdirectories. Here,
    the first media playlist is created at
    http://example.com/live/vs_0/out.m3u8 and the second one at
    http://example.com/live/vs_1/out.m3u8.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 3000k  \
      -map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:v -f hls \
      -var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low a:1,agroup:aud_high v:0,agroup:aud_low v:1,agroup:aud_high" \
      -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates two audio only and two video only variant
    streams. In addition to the #EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag for each variant
    stream in the master playlist, #EXT-X-MEDIA tag is also added for
    the two audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the two
    video only variant streams with audio group names ’aud_low’ and
    ’aud_high’.

    By default, a single hls variant containing all the encoded streams
    is created.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k \
      -map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls \
      -var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low,default:yes a:1,agroup:aud_low v:0,agroup:aud_low" \
      -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates two audio only and one video only variant
    streams. In addition to the #EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag for each variant
    stream in the master playlist, #EXT-X-MEDIA tag is also added for
    the two audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the one
    video only variant streams with audio group name ’aud_low’, and the
    audio group have default stat is NO or YES.

    By default, a single hls variant containing all the encoded streams
    is created.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k \
      -map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls \
      -var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low,default:yes,language:ENG a:1,agroup:aud_low,language:CHN v:0,agroup:aud_low" \
      -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example creates two audio only and one video only variant
    streams. In addition to the #EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag for each variant
    stream in the master playlist, #EXT-X-MEDIA tag is also added for
    the two audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the one
    video only variant streams with audio group name ’aud_low’, and the
    audio group have default stat is NO or YES, and one audio have and
    language is named ENG, the other audio language is named CHN.

    By default, a single hls variant containing all the encoded streams
    is created.

    ffmpeg -y -i input_with_subtitle.mkv \
     -b:v:0 5250k -c:v h264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -profile:v main -level 4.1 \
     -b:a:0 256k \
     -c:s webvtt -c:a mp2 -ar 48000 -ac 2 -map 0:v -map 0:a:0 -map 0:s:0 \
     -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,s:0,sgroup:subtitle" \
     -master_pl_name master.m3u8 -t 300 -hls_time 10 -hls_init_time 4 -hls_list_size \
     10 -master_pl_publish_rate 10  -hls_flags \
     delete_segments+discont_start+split_by_time ./tmp/video.m3u8

    This example adds |#EXT-X-MEDIA| tag with |TYPE=SUBTITLES| in the
    master playlist with webvtt subtitle group name ’subtitle’. Please
    make sure the input file has one text subtitle stream at least.

cc_stream_map

    Map string which specifies different closed captions groups and
    their attributes. The closed captions stream groups are separated by
    space. Expected string format is like this "ccgroup:<group
    name>,instreamid:<INSTREAM-ID>,language:<language code> ....".
    ’ccgroup’ and ’instreamid’ are mandatory attributes. ’language’ is
    an optional attribute. The closed captions groups configured using
    this option are mapped to different variant streams by providing the
    same ’ccgroup’ name in the |var_stream_map| string. If
    |var_stream_map| is not set, then the first available ccgroup in
    |cc_stream_map| is mapped to the output variant stream. The examples
    for these two use cases are given below.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v 1000k -b:a 64k -a53cc 1 -f hls \
      -cc_stream_map "ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC1,language:en" \
      -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
      http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

    This example adds |#EXT-X-MEDIA| tag with |TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS| in
    the master playlist with group name ’cc’, language ’en’ (english)
    and INSTREAM-ID ’CC1’. Also, it adds |CLOSED-CAPTIONS| attribute
    with group name ’cc’ for the output variant stream.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
      -a53cc:0 1 -a53cc:1 1\
      -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls \
      -cc_stream_map "ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC1,language:en ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC2,language:sp" \
      -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,ccgroup:cc v:1,a:1,ccgroup:cc" \
      -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
      http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

    This example adds two |#EXT-X-MEDIA| tags with
    |TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS| in the master playlist for the INSTREAM-IDs
    ’CC1’ and ’CC2’. Also, it adds |CLOSED-CAPTIONS| attribute with
    group name ’cc’ for the two output variant streams.

master_pl_name

    Create HLS master playlist with the given name.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -master_pl_name master.m3u8 http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

    This example creates HLS master playlist with name master.m3u8 and
    it is published at http://example.com/live/

master_pl_publish_rate

    Publish master play list repeatedly every after specified number of
    segment intervals.

    ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
    -hls_time 2 -master_pl_publish_rate 30 http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

    This example creates HLS master playlist with name master.m3u8 and
    keep publishing it repeatedly every after 30 segments i.e. every
    after 60s.

http_persistent

    Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP output.

timeout

    Set timeout for socket I/O operations. Applicable only for HTTP output.

ignore_io_errors

    Ignore IO errors during open, write and delete. Useful for
    long-duration runs with network output.

headers

    Set custom HTTP headers, can override built in default headers.
    Applicable only for HTTP output.


      4.18 ico

ICO file muxer.

Microsoft’s icon file format (ICO) has some strict limitations that
should be noted:

  * Size cannot exceed 256 pixels in any dimension
  * Only BMP and PNG images can be stored
  * If a BMP image is used, it must be one of the following pixel formats:

    BMP Bit Depth      FFmpeg Pixel Format
    1bit               pal8
    4bit               pal8
    8bit               pal8
    16bit              rgb555le
    24bit              bgr24
    32bit              bgra

  * If a BMP image is used, it must use the BITMAPINFOHEADER DIB header
  * If a PNG image is used, it must use the rgba pixel format 


      4.19 image2

Image file muxer.

The image file muxer writes video frames to image files.

The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to
produce sequentially numbered series of files. The pattern may contain
the string "%d" or "%0Nd", this string specifies the position of the
characters representing a numbering in the filenames. If the form "%0Nd"
is used, the string representing the number in each filename is 0-padded
to N digits. The literal character ’%’ can be specified in the pattern
with the string "%%".

If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first filename of the file
list specified will contain the number 1, all the following numbers will
be sequential.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
determine the format of the image files to write.

For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of
filenames of the form img-001.bmp, img-002.bmp, ..., img-010.bmp, etc.
The pattern "img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the
form img%-1.jpg, img%-2.jpg, ..., img%-10.jpg, etc.

The image muxer supports the .Y.U.V image file format. This format is
special in that that each image frame consists of three files, for each
of the YUV420P components. To read or write this image file format,
specify the name of the ’.Y’ file. The muxer will automatically open the
’.U’ and ’.V’ files as required.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-11>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-8>


        4.19.1 Options

frame_pts

    If set to 1, expand the filename with pts from pkt->pts. Default
    value is 0.

start_number

    Start the sequence from the specified number. Default value is 1.

update

    If set to 1, the filename will always be interpreted as just a
    filename, not a pattern, and the corresponding file will be
    continuously overwritten with new images. Default value is 0.

strftime

    If set to 1, expand the filename with date and time information from
    |strftime()|. Default value is 0.

atomic_writing

    Write output to a temporary file, which is renamed to target
    filename once writing is completed. Default is disabled.

protocol_opts options_list

    Set protocol options as a :-separated list of key=value parameters.
    Values containing the |:| special character must be escaped.


        4.19.2 Examples

The following example shows how to use |ffmpeg| for creating a sequence
of files img-001.jpeg, img-002.jpeg, ..., taking one image every second
from the input video:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -vsync cfr -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg'

Note that with |ffmpeg|, if the format is not specified with the |-f|
option and the output filename specifies an image file format, the
image2 muxer is automatically selected, so the previous command can be
written as:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -vsync cfr -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg'

Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or "%0Nd",
for example to create a single image file img.jpeg from the start of the
input video you can employ the command:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg

The strftime option allows you to expand the filename with date and time
information. Check the documentation of the |strftime()| function for
the syntax.

For example to generate image files from the |strftime()|
"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S" pattern, the following |ffmpeg| command can be used:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -r 1 -i /dev/video0 -f image2 -strftime 1 "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.jpg"

You can set the file name with current frame’s PTS:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -r 1 -i /dev/video0 -copyts -f image2 -frame_pts true %d.jpg

A more complex example is to publish contents of your desktop directly
to a WebDAV server every second:

ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 1 -i :0.0 -q:v 6 -update 1 -protocol_opts method=PUT http://example.com/desktop.jpg


      4.20 matroska

Matroska container muxer.

This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.

  *
    Metadata

    <#Metadata>
  *
    Options

    <#Options-12>


        4.20.1 Metadata

The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:

title

    Set title name provided to a single track. This gets mapped to the
    FileDescription element for a stream written as attachment.

language

    Specify the language of the track in the Matroska languages form.

    The language can be either the 3 letters bibliographic ISO-639-2
    (ISO 639-2/B) form (like "fre" for French), or a language code mixed
    with a country code for specialities in languages (like "fre-ca" for
    Canadian French).

stereo_mode

    Set stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track.

    The following values are recognized:

    ‘mono’

        video is not stereo

    ‘left_right’

        Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left

    ‘bottom_top’

        Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view
        is at bottom

    ‘top_bottom’

        Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view
        is on top

    ‘checkerboard_rl’

        Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern,
        Left-eye view being first

    ‘checkerboard_lr’

        Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern,
        Right-eye view being first

    ‘row_interleaved_rl’

        Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye
        view is first row

    ‘row_interleaved_lr’

        Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye
        view is first row

    ‘col_interleaved_rl’

        Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner,
        Right-eye view is first column

    ‘col_interleaved_lr’

        Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner,
        Left-eye view is first column

    ‘anaglyph_cyan_red’

        All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters

    ‘right_left’

        Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left

    ‘anaglyph_green_magenta’

        All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta
        filters

    ‘block_lr’

        Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first

    ‘block_rl’

        Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first

For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:

ffmpeg -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata stereo_mode=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm


        4.20.2 Options

This muxer supports the following options:

reserve_index_space

    By default, this muxer writes the index for seeking (called cues in
    Matroska terms) at the end of the file, because it cannot know in
    advance how much space to leave for the index at the beginning of
    the file. However for some use cases – e.g. streaming where seeking
    is possible but slow – it is useful to put the index at the
    beginning of the file.

    If this option is set to a non-zero value, the muxer will reserve a
    given amount of space in the file header and then try to write the
    cues there when the muxing finishes. If the reserved space does not
    suffice, no Cues will be written, the file will be finalized and
    writing the trailer will return an error. A safe size for most use
    cases should be about 50kB per hour of video.

    Note that cues are only written if the output is seekable and this
    option will have no effect if it is not.

cues_to_front

    If set, the muxer will write the index at the beginning of the file
    by shifting the main data if necessary. This can be combined with
    reserve_index_space in which case the data is only shifted if the
    initially reserved space turns out to be insufficient.

    This option is ignored if the output is unseekable.

default_mode

    This option controls how the FlagDefault of the output tracks will
    be set. It influences which tracks players should play by default.
    The default mode is ‘passthrough’.

    ‘infer’

        Every track with disposition default will have the FlagDefault
        set. Additionally, for each type of track (audio, video or
        subtitle), if no track with disposition default of this type
        exists, then the first track of this type will be marked as
        default (if existing). This ensures that the default flag is set
        in a sensible way even if the input originated from containers
        that lack the concept of default tracks.

    ‘infer_no_subs’

        This mode is the same as infer except that if no subtitle track
        with disposition default exists, no subtitle track will be
        marked as default.

    ‘passthrough’

        In this mode the FlagDefault is set if and only if the
        AV_DISPOSITION_DEFAULT flag is set in the disposition of the
        corresponding stream.

flipped_raw_rgb

    If set to true, store positive height for raw RGB bitmaps, which
    indicates bitmap is stored bottom-up. Note that this option does not
    flip the bitmap which has to be done manually beforehand, e.g. by
    using the vflip filter. Default is false and indicates bitmap is
    stored top down.


      4.21 md5

MD5 testing format.

This is a variant of the
hash

<#hash> muxer. Unlike that muxer, it defaults to using the MD5 hash
function.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-9>


        4.21.1 Examples

To compute the MD5 hash of the input converted to raw audio and video,
and store it in the file out.md5:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f md5 out.md5

You can print the MD5 to stdout with the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f md5 -

See also the
hash

<#hash> and
framemd5

<#framemd5> muxers.


      4.22 mov, mp4, ismv

MOV/MP4/ISMV (Smooth Streaming) muxer.

The mov/mp4/ismv muxer supports fragmentation. Normally, a MOV/MP4 file
has all the metadata about all packets stored in one location (written
at the end of the file, it can be moved to the start for better playback
by adding |+faststart| to the |-movflags|, or using the |qt-faststart|
tool).

A fragmented file consists of a number of fragments, where packets and
metadata about these packets are stored together. Writing a fragmented
file has the advantage that the file is decodable even if the writing is
interrupted (while a normal MOV/MP4 is undecodable if it is not properly
finished), and it requires less memory when writing very long files
(since writing normal MOV/MP4 files stores info about every single
packet in memory until the file is closed). The downside is that it is
less compatible with other applications.

Fragmentation is enabled by setting one of the options that define how
to cut the file into fragments: |-frag_duration|, |-frag_size|,
|-min_frag_duration|, |-movflags +frag_keyframe| and |-movflags
+frag_custom|. If more than one condition is specified, fragments are
cut when one of the specified conditions is fulfilled. The exception to
this is |-min_frag_duration|, which has to be fulfilled for any of the
other conditions to apply.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-13>
  *
    Example

    <#Example>


        4.22.1 Options

frag_duration duration

    Create fragments that are duration microseconds long.

frag_size size

    Create fragments that contain up to size bytes of payload data.

min_frag_duration duration

    Don’t create fragments that are shorter than duration microseconds
    long.

movflags flags

    Set various muxing switches. The following flags can be used:

    ‘frag_keyframe’

        Start a new fragment at each video keyframe.

    ‘frag_custom’

        Allow the caller to manually choose when to cut fragments, by
        calling |av_write_frame(ctx, NULL)| to write a fragment with the
        packets written so far. (This is only useful with other
        applications integrating libavformat, not from |ffmpeg|.)

    ‘empty_moov’

        Write an initial moov atom directly at the start of the file,
        without describing any samples in it. Generally, an mdat/moov
        pair is written at the start of the file, as a normal MOV/MP4
        file, containing only a short portion of the file. With this
        option set, there is no initial mdat atom, and the moov atom
        only describes the tracks but has a zero duration.

        This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth
        Streaming) files.

    ‘separate_moof’

        Write a separate moof (movie fragment) atom for each track.
        Normally, packets for all tracks are written in a moof atom
        (which is slightly more efficient), but with this option set,
        the muxer writes one moof/mdat pair for each track, making it
        easier to separate tracks.

        This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth
        Streaming) files.

    ‘skip_sidx’

        Skip writing of sidx atom. When bitrate overhead due to sidx
        atom is high, this option could be used for cases where sidx
        atom is not mandatory. When global_sidx flag is enabled, this
        option will be ignored.

    ‘faststart’

        Run a second pass moving the index (moov atom) to the beginning
        of the file. This operation can take a while, and will not work
        in various situations such as fragmented output, thus it is not
        enabled by default.

    ‘rtphint’

        Add RTP hinting tracks to the output file.

    ‘disable_chpl’

        Disable Nero chapter markers (chpl atom). Normally, both Nero
        chapters and a QuickTime chapter track are written to the file.
        With this option set, only the QuickTime chapter track will be
        written. Nero chapters can cause failures when the file is
        reprocessed with certain tagging programs, like mp3Tag 2.61a and
        iTunes 11.3, most likely other versions are affected as well.

    ‘omit_tfhd_offset’

        Do not write any absolute base_data_offset in tfhd atoms. This
        avoids tying fragments to absolute byte positions in the
        file/streams.

    ‘default_base_moof’

        Similarly to the omit_tfhd_offset, this flag avoids writing the
        absolute base_data_offset field in tfhd atoms, but does so by
        using the new default-base-is-moof flag instead. This flag is
        new from 14496-12:2012. This may make the fragments easier to
        parse in certain circumstances (avoiding basing track fragment
        location calculations on the implicit end of the previous track
        fragment).

    ‘negative_cts_offsets’

        Enables utilization of version 1 of the CTTS box, in which the
        CTS offsets can be negative. This enables the initial sample to
        have DTS/CTS of zero, and reduces the need for edit lists for
        some cases such as video tracks with B-frames. Additionally,
        eases conformance with the DASH-IF interoperability guidelines.

        This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth
        Streaming) files.

moov_size bytes

    Reserves space for the moov atom at the beginning of the file
    instead of placing the moov atom at the end. If the space reserved
    is insufficient, muxing will fail.

write_tmcd

    Specify |on| to force writing a timecode track, |off| to disable it
    and |auto| to write a timecode track only for mov and mp4 output
    (default).

write_btrt bool

    Force or disable writing bitrate box inside stsd box of a track. The
    box contains decoding buffer size (in bytes), maximum bitrate and
    average bitrate for the track. The box will be skipped if none of
    these values can be computed. Default is |-1| or |auto|, which will
    write the box only in MP4 mode.

write_prft

    Write producer time reference box (PRFT) with a specified time
    source for the NTP field in the PRFT box. Set value as ‘wallclock’
    to specify timesource as wallclock time and ‘pts’ to specify
    timesource as input packets’ PTS values.

    Setting value to ‘pts’ is applicable only for a live encoding use
    case, where PTS values are set as as wallclock time at the source.
    For example, an encoding use case with decklink capture source where
    video_pts and audio_pts are set to ‘abs_wallclock’.

empty_hdlr_name bool

    Enable to skip writing the name inside a |hdlr| box. Default is
    |false|.

movie_timescale scale

    Set the timescale written in the movie header box (|mvhd|). Range is
    1 to INT_MAX. Default is 1000.

video_track_timescale scale

    Set the timescale used for video tracks. Range is 0 to INT_MAX. If
    set to |0|, the timescale is automatically set based on the native
    stream time base. Default is 0.


        4.22.2 Example

Smooth Streaming content can be pushed in real time to a publishing
point on IIS with this muxer. Example:

ffmpeg -re <normal input/transcoding options> -movflags isml+frag_keyframe -f ismv http://server/publishingpoint.isml/Streams(Encoder1)


      4.23 mp3

The MP3 muxer writes a raw MP3 stream with the following optional features:

  * An ID3v2 metadata header at the beginning (enabled by default).
    Versions 2.3 and 2.4 are supported, the |id3v2_version| private
    option controls which one is used (3 or 4). Setting |id3v2_version|
    to 0 disables the ID3v2 header completely.

    The muxer supports writing attached pictures (APIC frames) to the
    ID3v2 header. The pictures are supplied to the muxer in form of a
    video stream with a single packet. There can be any number of those
    streams, each will correspond to a single APIC frame. The stream
    metadata tags title and comment map to APIC description and picture
    type respectively. See
    http://id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames

    for allowed picture types.

    Note that the APIC frames must be written at the beginning, so the
    muxer will buffer the audio frames until it gets all the pictures.
    It is therefore advised to provide the pictures as soon as possible
    to avoid excessive buffering.

  * A Xing/LAME frame right after the ID3v2 header (if present). It is
    enabled by default, but will be written only if the output is
    seekable. The |write_xing| private option can be used to disable it.
    The frame contains various information that may be useful to the
    decoder, like the audio duration or encoder delay.
  * A legacy ID3v1 tag at the end of the file (disabled by default). It
    may be enabled with the |write_id3v1| private option, but as its
    capabilities are very limited, its usage is not recommended. 

Examples:

Write an mp3 with an ID3v2.3 header and an ID3v1 footer:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -id3v2_version 3 -write_id3v1 1 out.mp3

To attach a picture to an mp3 file select both the audio and the picture
stream with |map|:

ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -i cover.png -c copy -map 0 -map 1
-metadata:s:v title="Album cover" -metadata:s:v comment="Cover (Front)" out.mp3

Write a "clean" MP3 without any extra features:

ffmpeg -i input.wav -write_xing 0 -id3v2_version 0 out.mp3


      4.24 mpegts

MPEG transport stream muxer.

This muxer implements ISO 13818-1 and part of ETSI EN 300 468.

The recognized metadata settings in mpegts muxer are |service_provider|
and |service_name|. If they are not set the default for
|service_provider| is ‘FFmpeg’ and the default for |service_name| is
‘Service01’.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-14>
  *
    Example

    <#Example-1>


        4.24.1 Options

The muxer options are:

mpegts_transport_stream_id integer

    Set the ‘transport_stream_id’. This identifies a transponder in DVB.
    Default is |0x0001|.

mpegts_original_network_id integer

    Set the ‘original_network_id’. This is unique identifier of a
    network in DVB. Its main use is in the unique identification of a
    service through the path ‘Original_Network_ID, Transport_Stream_ID’.
    Default is |0x0001|.

mpegts_service_id integer

    Set the ‘service_id’, also known as program in DVB. Default is
    |0x0001|.

mpegts_service_type integer

    Set the program ‘service_type’. Default is |digital_tv|. Accepts the
    following options:

    ‘hex_value’

        Any hexadecimal value between |0x01| and |0xff| as defined in
        ETSI 300 468.

    ‘digital_tv’

        Digital TV service.

    ‘digital_radio’

        Digital Radio service.

    ‘teletext’

        Teletext service.

    ‘advanced_codec_digital_radio’

        Advanced Codec Digital Radio service.

    ‘mpeg2_digital_hdtv’

        MPEG2 Digital HDTV service.

    ‘advanced_codec_digital_sdtv’

        Advanced Codec Digital SDTV service.

    ‘advanced_codec_digital_hdtv’

        Advanced Codec Digital HDTV service.

mpegts_pmt_start_pid integer

    Set the first PID for PMTs. Default is |0x1000|, minimum is
    |0x0020|, maximum is |0x1ffa|. This option has no effect in m2ts
    mode where the PMT PID is fixed |0x0100|.

mpegts_start_pid integer

    Set the first PID for elementary streams. Default is |0x0100|,
    minimum is |0x0020|, maximum is |0x1ffa|. This option has no effect
    in m2ts mode where the elementary stream PIDs are fixed.

mpegts_m2ts_mode boolean

    Enable m2ts mode if set to |1|. Default value is |-1| which disables
    m2ts mode.

muxrate integer

    Set a constant muxrate. Default is VBR.

pes_payload_size integer

    Set minimum PES packet payload in bytes. Default is |2930|.

mpegts_flags flags

    Set mpegts flags. Accepts the following options:

    ‘resend_headers’

        Reemit PAT/PMT before writing the next packet.

    ‘latm’

        Use LATM packetization for AAC.

    ‘pat_pmt_at_frames’

        Reemit PAT and PMT at each video frame.

    ‘system_b’

        Conform to System B (DVB) instead of System A (ATSC).

    ‘initial_discontinuity’

        Mark the initial packet of each stream as discontinuity.

    ‘nit’

        Emit NIT table.

    ‘omit_rai’

        Disable writing of random access indicator.

mpegts_copyts boolean

    Preserve original timestamps, if value is set to |1|. Default value
    is |-1|, which results in shifting timestamps so that they start
    from 0.

omit_video_pes_length boolean

    Omit the PES packet length for video packets. Default is |1| (true).

pcr_period integer

    Override the default PCR retransmission time in milliseconds.
    Default is |-1| which means that the PCR interval will be determined
    automatically: 20 ms is used for CBR streams, the highest multiple
    of the frame duration which is less than 100 ms is used for VBR
    streams.

pat_period duration

    Maximum time in seconds between PAT/PMT tables. Default is |0.1|.

sdt_period duration

    Maximum time in seconds between SDT tables. Default is |0.5|.

nit_period duration

    Maximum time in seconds between NIT tables. Default is |0.5|.

tables_version integer

    Set PAT, PMT, SDT and NIT version (default |0|, valid values are
    from 0 to 31, inclusively). This option allows updating stream
    structure so that standard consumer may detect the change. To do so,
    reopen output |AVFormatContext| (in case of API usage) or restart
    |ffmpeg| instance, cyclically changing tables_version value:

    ffmpeg -i source1.ts -codec copy -f mpegts -tables_version 0 udp://1.1.1.1:1111
    ffmpeg -i source2.ts -codec copy -f mpegts -tables_version 1 udp://1.1.1.1:1111
    ...
    ffmpeg -i source3.ts -codec copy -f mpegts -tables_version 31 udp://1.1.1.1:1111
    ffmpeg -i source1.ts -codec copy -f mpegts -tables_version 0 udp://1.1.1.1:1111
    ffmpeg -i source2.ts -codec copy -f mpegts -tables_version 1 udp://1.1.1.1:1111
    ...


        4.24.2 Example

ffmpeg -i file.mpg -c copy \
     -mpegts_original_network_id 0x1122 \
     -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x3344 \
     -mpegts_service_id 0x5566 \
     -mpegts_pmt_start_pid 0x1500 \
     -mpegts_start_pid 0x150 \
     -metadata service_provider="Some provider" \
     -metadata service_name="Some Channel" \
     out.ts


      4.25 mxf, mxf_d10, mxf_opatom

MXF muxer.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-15>


        4.25.1 Options

The muxer options are:

store_user_comments bool

    Set if user comments should be stored if available or never. IRT
    D-10 does not allow user comments. The default is thus to write them
    for mxf and mxf_opatom but not for mxf_d10


      4.26 null

Null muxer.

This muxer does not generate any output file, it is mainly useful for
testing or benchmarking purposes.

For example to benchmark decoding with |ffmpeg| you can use the command:

ffmpeg -benchmark -i INPUT -f null out.null

Note that the above command does not read or write the out.null file,
but specifying the output file is required by the |ffmpeg| syntax.

Alternatively you can write the command as:

ffmpeg -benchmark -i INPUT -f null -


      4.27 nut

-syncpoints flags

    Change the syncpoint usage in nut:

    default use the normal low-overhead seeking aids.
    none do not use the syncpoints at all, reducing the overhead but
    making the stream non-seekable;

        Use of this option is not recommended, as the resulting files
        are very damage sensitive and seeking is not possible. Also in
        general the overhead from syncpoints is negligible. Note,
        -|write_index| 0 can be used to disable all growing data tables,
        allowing to mux endless streams with limited memory and without
        these disadvantages.

    timestamped extend the syncpoint with a wallclock field.

    The none and timestamped flags are experimental.

-write_index bool

    Write index at the end, the default is to write an index.

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f_strict experimental -syncpoints none - | processor


      4.28 ogg

Ogg container muxer.

-page_duration duration

    Preferred page duration, in microseconds. The muxer will attempt to
    create pages that are approximately duration microseconds long. This
    allows the user to compromise between seek granularity and container
    overhead. The default is 1 second. A value of 0 will fill all
    segments, making pages as large as possible. A value of 1 will
    effectively use 1 packet-per-page in most situations, giving a small
    seek granularity at the cost of additional container overhead.

-serial_offset value

    Serial value from which to set the streams serial number. Setting it
    to different and sufficiently large values ensures that the produced
    ogg files can be safely chained.


      4.29 raw muxers

Raw muxers accept a single stream matching the designated codec. They do
not store timestamps or metadata. The recognized extension is the same
as the muxer name unless indicated otherwise.

  *
    ac3

    <#ac3>
  *
    adx

    <#adx>
  *
    aptx

    <#aptx>
  *
    aptx_hd

    <#aptx_005fhd>
  *
    avs2

    <#avs2>
  *
    cavsvideo

    <#cavsvideo>
  *
    codec2raw

    <#codec2raw>
  *
    data

    <#data>
  *
    dirac

    <#dirac>
  *
    dnxhd

    <#dnxhd>
  *
    dts

    <#dts>
  *
    eac3

    <#eac3>
  *
    evc

    <#evc>
  *
    g722

    <#g722>
  *
    g723_1

    <#g723_005f1>
  *
    g726

    <#g726>
  *
    g726le

    <#g726le>
  *
    gsm

    <#gsm>
  *
    h261

    <#h261>
  *
    h263

    <#h263>
  *
    h264

    <#h264>
  *
    hevc

    <#hevc>
  *
    m4v

    <#m4v>
  *
    mjpeg

    <#mjpeg>
  *
    mlp

    <#mlp>
  *
    mp2

    <#mp2>
  *
    mpeg1video

    <#mpeg1video>
  *
    mpeg2video

    <#mpeg2video>
  *
    obu

    <#obu>
  *
    rawvideo

    <#rawvideo-1>
  *
    sbc

    <#sbc>
  *
    truehd

    <#truehd>
  *
    vc1

    <#vc1>


        4.29.1 ac3

Dolby Digital, also known as AC-3, audio.


        4.29.2 adx

CRI Middleware ADX audio.

This muxer will write out the total sample count near the start of the
first packet when the output is seekable and the count can be stored in
32 bits.


        4.29.3 aptx

aptX (Audio Processing Technology for Bluetooth) audio.


        4.29.4 aptx_hd

aptX HD (Audio Processing Technology for Bluetooth) audio.

Extensions: aptxhd


        4.29.5 avs2

AVS2-P2/IEEE1857.4 video.

Extensions: avs, avs2


        4.29.6 cavsvideo

Chinese AVS (Audio Video Standard) video.

Extensions: cavs


        4.29.7 codec2raw

Codec 2 audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool |-f codec2raw|.


        4.29.8 data

Data muxer accepts a single stream with any codec of any type. The input
stream has to be selected using the |-map| option with the ffmpeg CLI tool.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool |-f data|.


        4.29.9 dirac

BBC Dirac video. The Dirac Pro codec is a subset and is standardized as
SMPTE VC-2.

Extensions: drc, vc2


        4.29.10 dnxhd

Avid DNxHD video. It is standardized as SMPTE VC-3. Accepts DNxHR streams.

Extensions: dnxhd, dnxhr


        4.29.11 dts

DTS Coherent Acoustics (DCA) audio.


        4.29.12 eac3

Dolby Digital Plus, also known as Enhanced AC-3, audio.


        4.29.13 evc

MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC) / EVC / MPEG-5 Part 1 EVC video.

Extensions: evc


        4.29.14 g722

ITU-T G.722 audio.


        4.29.15 g723_1

ITU-T G.723.1 audio.

Extensions: tco, rco


        4.29.16 g726

ITU-T G.726 big-endian ("left-justified") audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool |-f g726|.


        4.29.17 g726le

ITU-T G.726 little-endian ("right-justified") audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool |-f g726le|.


        4.29.18 gsm

Global System for Mobile Communications audio.


        4.29.19 h261

ITU-T H.261 video.


        4.29.20 h263

ITU-T H.263 / H.263-1996, H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2 video.


        4.29.21 h264

ITU-T H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC video. Bitstream shall be converted to
Annex B syntax if it’s in length-prefixed mode.

Extensions: h264, 264


        4.29.22 hevc

ITU-T H.265 / MPEG-H Part 2 HEVC video. Bitstream shall be converted to
Annex B syntax if it’s in length-prefixed mode.

Extensions: hevc, h265, 265


        4.29.23 m4v

MPEG-4 Part 2 video.


        4.29.24 mjpeg

Motion JPEG video.

Extensions: mjpg, mjpeg


        4.29.25 mlp

Meridian Lossless Packing, also known as Packed PCM, audio.


        4.29.26 mp2

MPEG-1 Audio Layer II audio.

Extensions: mp2, m2a, mpa


        4.29.27 mpeg1video

MPEG-1 Part 2 video.

Extensions: mpg, mpeg, m1v


        4.29.28 mpeg2video

ITU-T H.262 / MPEG-2 Part 2 video.

Extensions: m2v


        4.29.29 obu

AV1 low overhead Open Bitstream Units muxer. Temporal delimiter OBUs
will be inserted in all temporal units of the stream.


        4.29.30 rawvideo

Raw uncompressed video.

Extensions: yuv, rgb


        4.29.31 sbc

Bluetooth SIG low-complexity subband codec audio.

Extensions: sbc, msbc


        4.29.32 truehd

Dolby TrueHD audio.

Extensions: thd


        4.29.33 vc1

SMPTE 421M / VC-1 video.


      4.30 segment, stream_segment, ssegment

Basic stream segmenter.

This muxer outputs streams to a number of separate files of nearly fixed
duration. Output filename pattern can be set in a fashion similar to
image2

<#image2>, or by using a |strftime| template if the strftime option is
enabled.

|stream_segment| is a variant of the muxer used to write to streaming
output formats, i.e. which do not require global headers, and is
recommended for outputting e.g. to MPEG transport stream segments.
|ssegment| is a shorter alias for |stream_segment|.

Every segment starts with a keyframe of the selected reference stream,
which is set through the reference_stream option.

Note that if you want accurate splitting for a video file, you need to
make the input key frames correspond to the exact splitting times
expected by the segmenter, or the segment muxer will start the new
segment with the key frame found next after the specified start time.

The segment muxer works best with a single constant frame rate video.

Optionally it can generate a list of the created segments, by setting
the option segment_list. The list type is specified by the
segment_list_type option. The entry filenames in the segment list are
set by default to the basename of the corresponding segment files.

See also the
hls

<#hls> muxer, which provides a more specific implementation for HLS
segmentation.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-16>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-10>


        4.30.1 Options

The segment muxer supports the following options:

increment_tc 1|0

    if set to |1|, increment timecode between each segment If this is
    selected, the input need to have a timecode in the first video
    stream. Default value is |0|.

reference_stream specifier

    Set the reference stream, as specified by the string specifier. If
    specifier is set to |auto|, the reference is chosen automatically.
    Otherwise it must be a stream specifier (see the “Stream specifiers”
    chapter in the ffmpeg manual) which specifies the reference stream.
    The default value is |auto|.

segment_format format

    Override the inner container format, by default it is guessed by the
    filename extension.

segment_format_options options_list

    Set output format options using a :-separated list of key=value
    parameters. Values containing the |:| special character must be
    escaped.

segment_list name

    Generate also a listfile named name. If not specified no listfile is
    generated.

segment_list_flags flags

    Set flags affecting the segment list generation.

    It currently supports the following flags:

    ‘cache’

        Allow caching (only affects M3U8 list files).

    ‘live’

        Allow live-friendly file generation.

segment_list_size size

    Update the list file so that it contains at most size segments. If 0
    the list file will contain all the segments. Default value is 0.

segment_list_entry_prefix prefix

    Prepend prefix to each entry. Useful to generate absolute paths. By
    default no prefix is applied.

segment_list_type type

    Select the listing format.

    The following values are recognized:

    ‘flat’

        Generate a flat list for the created segments, one segment per
        line.

    ‘csv, ext’

        Generate a list for the created segments, one segment per line,
        each line matching the format (comma-separated values):

        segment_filename,segment_start_time,segment_end_time

        segment_filename is the name of the output file generated by the
        muxer according to the provided pattern. CSV escaping (according
        to RFC4180) is applied if required.

        segment_start_time and segment_end_time specify the segment
        start and end time expressed in seconds.

        A list file with the suffix |".csv"| or |".ext"| will
        auto-select this format.

        ‘ext’ is deprecated in favor or ‘csv’.

    ‘ffconcat’

        Generate an ffconcat file for the created segments. The
        resulting file can be read using the FFmpeg
        concat

        <#concat> demuxer.

        A list file with the suffix |".ffcat"| or |".ffconcat"| will
        auto-select this format.

    ‘m3u8’

        Generate an extended M3U8 file, version 3, compliant with
        http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming

        .

        A list file with the suffix |".m3u8"| will auto-select this format.

    If not specified the type is guessed from the list file name suffix.

segment_time time

    Set segment duration to time, the value must be a duration
    specification. Default value is "2". See also the segment_times option.

    Note that splitting may not be accurate, unless you force the
    reference stream key-frames at the given time. See the introductory
    notice and the examples below.

min_seg_duration time

    Set minimum segment duration to time, the value must be a duration
    specification. This prevents the muxer ending segments at a duration
    below this value. Only effective with |segment_time|. Default value
    is "0".

segment_atclocktime 1|0

    If set to "1" split at regular clock time intervals starting from
    00:00 o’clock. The time value specified in segment_time is used for
    setting the length of the splitting interval.

    For example with segment_time set to "900" this makes it possible to
    create files at 12:00 o’clock, 12:15, 12:30, etc.

    Default value is "0".

segment_clocktime_offset duration

    Delay the segment splitting times with the specified duration when
    using segment_atclocktime.

    For example with segment_time set to "900" and
    segment_clocktime_offset set to "300" this makes it possible to
    create files at 12:05, 12:20, 12:35, etc.

    Default value is "0".

segment_clocktime_wrap_duration duration

    Force the segmenter to only start a new segment if a packet reaches
    the muxer within the specified duration after the segmenting clock
    time. This way you can make the segmenter more resilient to backward
    local time jumps, such as leap seconds or transition to standard
    time from daylight savings time.

    Default is the maximum possible duration which means starting a new
    segment regardless of the elapsed time since the last clock time.

segment_time_delta delta

    Specify the accuracy time when selecting the start time for a
    segment, expressed as a duration specification. Default value is "0".

    When delta is specified a key-frame will start a new segment if its
    PTS satisfies the relation:

    PTS >= start_time - time_delta

    This option is useful when splitting video content, which is always
    split at GOP boundaries, in case a key frame is found just before
    the specified split time.

    In particular may be used in combination with the ffmpeg option
    force_key_frames. The key frame times specified by force_key_frames
    may not be set accurately because of rounding issues, with the
    consequence that a key frame time may result set just before the
    specified time. For constant frame rate videos a value of
    1/(2*frame_rate) should address the worst case mismatch between the
    specified time and the time set by force_key_frames.

segment_times times

    Specify a list of split points. times contains a list of comma
    separated duration specifications, in increasing order. See also the
    segment_time option.

segment_frames frames

    Specify a list of split video frame numbers. frames contains a list
    of comma separated integer numbers, in increasing order.

    This option specifies to start a new segment whenever a reference
    stream key frame is found and the sequential number (starting from
    0) of the frame is greater or equal to the next value in the list.

segment_wrap limit

    Wrap around segment index once it reaches limit.

segment_start_number number

    Set the sequence number of the first segment. Defaults to |0|.

strftime 1|0

    Use the |strftime| function to define the name of the new segments
    to write. If this is selected, the output segment name must contain
    a |strftime| function template. Default value is |0|.

break_non_keyframes 1|0

    If enabled, allow segments to start on frames other than keyframes.
    This improves behavior on some players when the time between
    keyframes is inconsistent, but may make things worse on others, and
    can cause some oddities during seeking. Defaults to |0|.

reset_timestamps 1|0

    Reset timestamps at the beginning of each segment, so that each
    segment will start with near-zero timestamps. It is meant to ease
    the playback of the generated segments. May not work with some
    combinations of muxers/codecs. It is set to |0| by default.

initial_offset offset

    Specify timestamp offset to apply to the output packet timestamps.
    The argument must be a time duration specification, and defaults to 0.

write_empty_segments 1|0

    If enabled, write an empty segment if there are no packets during
    the period a segment would usually span. Otherwise, the segment will
    be filled with the next packet written. Defaults to |0|.

Make sure to require a closed GOP when encoding and to set the GOP size
to fit your segment time constraint.


        4.30.2 Examples

  * Remux the content of file in.mkv to a list of segments out-000.nut,
    out-001.nut, etc., and write the list of generated segments to
    out.list:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -codec hevc -flags +cgop -g 60 -map 0 -f segment -segment_list out.list out%03d.nut

  * Segment input and set output format options for the output segments:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -f segment -segment_time 10 -segment_format_options movflags=+faststart out%03d.mp4

  * Segment the input file according to the split points specified by
    the segment_times option:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -codec copy -map 0 -f segment -segment_list out.csv -segment_times 1,2,3,5,8,13,21 out%03d.nut

  * Use the |ffmpeg| force_key_frames option to force key frames in the
    input at the specified location, together with the segment option
    segment_time_delta to account for possible roundings operated when
    setting key frame times.

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -force_key_frames 1,2,3,5,8,13,21 -codec:v mpeg4 -codec:a pcm_s16le -map 0 \
    -f segment -segment_list out.csv -segment_times 1,2,3,5,8,13,21 -segment_time_delta 0.05 out%03d.nut

    In order to force key frames on the input file, transcoding is
    required.

  * Segment the input file by splitting the input file according to the
    frame numbers sequence specified with the segment_frames option:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -codec copy -map 0 -f segment -segment_list out.csv -segment_frames 100,200,300,500,800 out%03d.nut

  * Convert the in.mkv to TS segments using the |libx264| and |aac|
    encoders:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -map 0 -codec:v libx264 -codec:a aac -f ssegment -segment_list out.list out%03d.ts

  * Segment the input file, and create an M3U8 live playlist (can be
    used as live HLS source):

    ffmpeg -re -i in.mkv -codec copy -map 0 -f segment -segment_list playlist.m3u8 \
    -segment_list_flags +live -segment_time 10 out%03d.mkv


      4.31 smoothstreaming

Smooth Streaming muxer generates a set of files (Manifest, chunks)
suitable for serving with conventional web server.

window_size

    Specify the number of fragments kept in the manifest. Default 0
    (keep all).

extra_window_size

    Specify the number of fragments kept outside of the manifest before
    removing from disk. Default 5.

lookahead_count

    Specify the number of lookahead fragments. Default 2.

min_frag_duration

    Specify the minimum fragment duration (in microseconds). Default
    5000000.

remove_at_exit

    Specify whether to remove all fragments when finished. Default 0 (do
    not remove).


      4.32 streamhash

Per stream hash testing format.

This muxer computes and prints a cryptographic hash of all the input
frames, on a per-stream basis. This can be used for equality checks
without having to do a complete binary comparison.

By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio and
video frames to raw video before computing the hash, but the output of
explicit conversions to other codecs can also be used. Timestamps are
ignored. It uses the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function by default, but
supports several other algorithms.

The output of the muxer consists of one line per stream of the form:
streamindex,streamtype,algo=hash, where streamindex is the index of the
mapped stream, streamtype is a single character indicating the type of
stream, algo is a short string representing the hash function used, and
hash is a hexadecimal number representing the computed hash.

hash algorithm

    Use the cryptographic hash function specified by the string
    algorithm. Supported values include |MD5|, |murmur3|, |RIPEMD128|,
    |RIPEMD160|, |RIPEMD256|, |RIPEMD320|, |SHA160|, |SHA224|, |SHA256|
    (default), |SHA512/224|, |SHA512/256|, |SHA384|, |SHA512|, |CRC32|
    and |adler32|.

  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-11>


        4.32.1 Examples

To compute the SHA-256 hash of the input converted to raw audio and
video, and store it in the file out.sha256:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f streamhash out.sha256

To print an MD5 hash to stdout use the command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f streamhash -hash md5 -

See also the
hash

<#hash> and
framehash

<#framehash> muxers.


      4.33 tee

The tee muxer can be used to write the same data to several outputs,
such as files or streams. It can be used, for example, to stream a video
over a network and save it to disk at the same time.

It is different from specifying several outputs to the |ffmpeg|
command-line tool. With the tee muxer, the audio and video data will be
encoded only once. With conventional multiple outputs, multiple encoding
operations in parallel are initiated, which can be a very expensive
process. The tee muxer is not useful when using the libavformat API
directly because it is then possible to feed the same packets to several
muxers directly.

Since the tee muxer does not represent any particular output format,
ffmpeg cannot auto-select output streams. So all streams intended for
output must be specified using |-map|. See the examples below.

Some encoders may need different options depending on the output format;
the auto-detection of this can not work with the tee muxer, so they need
to be explicitly specified. The main example is the global_header flag.

The slave outputs are specified in the file name given to the muxer,
separated by ’|’. If any of the slave name contains the ’|’ separator,
leading or trailing spaces or any special character, those must be
escaped (see
(ffmpeg-utils)the "Quoting and escaping" section in the ffmpeg-utils(1)
manual

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#quoting_005fand_005fescaping>).


  *
    Options

    <#Options-17>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-12>


        4.33.1 Options

use_fifo bool

    If set to 1, slave outputs will be processed in separate threads
    using the
    fifo

    <#fifo> muxer. This allows to compensate for different
    speed/latency/reliability of outputs and setup transparent recovery.
    By default this feature is turned off.

fifo_options

    Options to pass to fifo pseudo-muxer instances. See
    fifo

    <#fifo>.

Muxer options can be specified for each slave by prepending them as a
list of key=value pairs separated by ’:’, between square brackets. If
the options values contain a special character or the ’:’ separator,
they must be escaped; note that this is a second level escaping.

The following special options are also recognized:

f

    Specify the format name. Required if it cannot be guessed from the
    output URL.

bsfs[/spec]

    Specify a list of bitstream filters to apply to the specified output.

    It is possible to specify to which streams a given bitstream filter
    applies, by appending a stream specifier to the option separated by
    |/|. spec must be a stream specifier (see
    Format stream specifiers

    <#Format-stream-specifiers>).

    If the stream specifier is not specified, the bitstream filters will
    be applied to all streams in the output. This will cause that output
    operation to fail if the output contains streams to which the
    bitstream filter cannot be applied e.g. |h264_mp4toannexb| being
    applied to an output containing an audio stream.

    Options for a bitstream filter must be specified in the form of
    |opt=value|.

    Several bitstream filters can be specified, separated by ",".

use_fifo bool

    This allows to override tee muxer use_fifo option for individual
    slave muxer.

fifo_options

    This allows to override tee muxer fifo_options for individual slave
    muxer. See
    fifo

    <#fifo>.

select

    Select the streams that should be mapped to the slave output,
    specified by a stream specifier. If not specified, this defaults to
    all the mapped streams. This will cause that output operation to
    fail if the output format does not accept all mapped streams.

    You may use multiple stream specifiers separated by commas (|,|)
    e.g.: |a:0,v|

onfail

    Specify behaviour on output failure. This can be set to either
    |abort| (which is default) or |ignore|. |abort| will cause whole
    process to fail in case of failure on this slave output. |ignore|
    will ignore failure on this output, so other outputs will continue
    without being affected.


        4.33.2 Examples

  * Encode something and both archive it in a WebM file and stream it as
    MPEG-TS over UDP:

    ffmpeg -i ... -c:v libx264 -c:a mp2 -f tee -map 0:v -map 0:a
      "archive-20121107.mkv|[f=mpegts]udp://10.0.1.255:1234/"

  * As above, but continue streaming even if output to local file fails
    (for example local drive fills up):

    ffmpeg -i ... -c:v libx264 -c:a mp2 -f tee -map 0:v -map 0:a
      "[onfail=ignore]archive-20121107.mkv|[f=mpegts]udp://10.0.1.255:1234/"

  * Use |ffmpeg| to encode the input, and send the output to three
    different destinations. The |dump_extra| bitstream filter is used to
    add extradata information to all the output video keyframes packets,
    as requested by the MPEG-TS format. The select option is applied to
    out.aac in order to make it contain only audio packets.

    ffmpeg -i ... -map 0 -flags +global_header -c:v libx264 -c:a aac
           -f tee "[bsfs/v=dump_extra=freq=keyframe]out.ts|[movflags=+faststart]out.mp4|[select=a]out.aac"

  * As above, but select only stream |a:1| for the audio output. Note
    that a second level escaping must be performed, as ":" is a special
    character used to separate options.

    ffmpeg -i ... -map 0 -flags +global_header -c:v libx264 -c:a aac
           -f tee "[bsfs/v=dump_extra=freq=keyframe]out.ts|[movflags=+faststart]out.mp4|[select=\'a:1\']out.aac"


      4.34 webm_chunk

WebM Live Chunk Muxer.

This muxer writes out WebM headers and chunks as separate files which
can be consumed by clients that support WebM Live streams via DASH.

  *
    Options

    <#Options-18>
  *
    Example

    <#Example-2>


        4.34.1 Options

This muxer supports the following options:

chunk_start_index

    Index of the first chunk (defaults to 0).

header

    Filename of the header where the initialization data will be written.

audio_chunk_duration

    Duration of each audio chunk in milliseconds (defaults to 5000).


        4.34.2 Example

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 \
       -f alsa -i hw:0 \
       -map 0:0 \
       -c:v libvpx-vp9 \
       -s 640x360 -keyint_min 30 -g 30 \
       -f webm_chunk \
       -header webm_live_video_360.hdr \
       -chunk_start_index 1 \
       webm_live_video_360_%d.chk \
       -map 1:0 \
       -c:a libvorbis \
       -b:a 128k \
       -f webm_chunk \
       -header webm_live_audio_128.hdr \
       -chunk_start_index 1 \
       -audio_chunk_duration 1000 \
       webm_live_audio_128_%d.chk


      4.35 webm_dash_manifest

WebM DASH Manifest muxer.

This muxer implements the WebM DASH Manifest specification to generate
the DASH manifest XML. It also supports manifest generation for DASH
live streams.

For more information see:

  * WebM DASH Specification:
    https://sites.google.com/a/webmproject.org/wiki/adaptive-streaming/webm-dash-specification

  * ISO DASH Specification:
    http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065274_ISO_IEC_23009-1_2014.zip

  *
    Options

    <#Options-19>
  *
    Example

    <#Example-3>


        4.35.1 Options

This muxer supports the following options:

adaptation_sets

    This option has the following syntax: "id=x,streams=a,b,c
    id=y,streams=d,e" where x and y are the unique identifiers of the
    adaptation sets and a,b,c,d and e are the indices of the
    corresponding audio and video streams. Any number of adaptation sets
    can be added using this option.

live

    Set this to 1 to create a live stream DASH Manifest. Default: 0.

chunk_start_index

    Start index of the first chunk. This will go in the ‘startNumber’
    attribute of the ‘SegmentTemplate’ element in the manifest. Default: 0.

chunk_duration_ms

    Duration of each chunk in milliseconds. This will go in the
    ‘duration’ attribute of the ‘SegmentTemplate’ element in the
    manifest. Default: 1000.

utc_timing_url

    URL of the page that will return the UTC timestamp in ISO format.
    This will go in the ‘value’ attribute of the ‘UTCTiming’ element in
    the manifest. Default: None.

time_shift_buffer_depth

    Smallest time (in seconds) shifting buffer for which any
    Representation is guaranteed to be available. This will go in the
    ‘timeShiftBufferDepth’ attribute of the ‘MPD’ element. Default: 60.

minimum_update_period

    Minimum update period (in seconds) of the manifest. This will go in
    the ‘minimumUpdatePeriod’ attribute of the ‘MPD’ element. Default: 0.


        4.35.2 Example

ffmpeg -f webm_dash_manifest -i video1.webm \
       -f webm_dash_manifest -i video2.webm \
       -f webm_dash_manifest -i audio1.webm \
       -f webm_dash_manifest -i audio2.webm \
       -map 0 -map 1 -map 2 -map 3 \
       -c copy \
       -f webm_dash_manifest \
       -adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=0,1 id=1,streams=2,3" \
       manifest.xml


    5 Metadata

FFmpeg is able to dump metadata from media files into a simple
UTF-8-encoded INI-like text file and then load it back using the
metadata muxer/demuxer.

The file format is as follows:

 1. A file consists of a header and a number of metadata tags divided
    into sections, each on its own line.
 2. The header is a ‘;FFMETADATA’ string, followed by a version number
    (now 1).
 3. Metadata tags are of the form ‘key=value’
 4. Immediately after header follows global metadata
 5. After global metadata there may be sections with
    per-stream/per-chapter metadata.
 6. A section starts with the section name in uppercase (i.e. STREAM or
    CHAPTER) in brackets (‘[’, ‘]’) and ends with next section or end of
    file.
 7. At the beginning of a chapter section there may be an optional
    timebase to be used for start/end values. It must be in form
    ‘TIMEBASE=num/den’, where num and den are integers. If the timebase
    is missing then start/end times are assumed to be in nanoseconds.

    Next a chapter section must contain chapter start and end times in
    form ‘START=num’, ‘END=num’, where num is a positive integer.

 8. Empty lines and lines starting with ‘;’ or ‘#’ are ignored.
 9. Metadata keys or values containing special characters (‘=’, ‘;’,
    ‘#’, ‘\’ and a newline) must be escaped with a backslash ‘\’.
10. Note that whitespace in metadata (e.g. ‘foo = bar’) is considered to
    be a part of the tag (in the example above key is ‘foo ’, value is
    ‘bar’). 

A ffmetadata file might look like this:

;FFMETADATA1
title=bike\\shed
;this is a comment
artist=FFmpeg troll team

[CHAPTER]
TIMEBASE=1/1000
START=0
#chapter ends at 0:01:00
END=60000
title=chapter \#1
[STREAM]
title=multi\
line

By using the ffmetadata muxer and demuxer it is possible to extract
metadata from an input file to an ffmetadata file, and then transcode
the file into an output file with the edited ffmetadata file.

Extracting an ffmetadata file with ffmpeg goes as follows:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -f ffmetadata FFMETADATAFILE

Reinserting edited metadata information from the FFMETADATAFILE file can
be done as:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -i FFMETADATAFILE -map_metadata 1 -codec copy OUTPUT


    6 See Also

ffmpeg

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg.html>,
ffplay

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffplay.html>,
ffprobe

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffprobe.html>,
libavformat

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/libavformat.html>


    7 Authors

The FFmpeg developers.

For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
(https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command |git log| in
the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at
https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg

.

Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
MAINTAINERS in the source code tree.

This document was generated using
/makeinfo/

<https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/>.

