
  ffmpeg Documentation


    Table of Contents

  *
    1 Synopsis

    <#Synopsis>
  *
    2 Description

    <#Description>
  *
    3 Detailed description

    <#Detailed-description>
      o
        3.1 Filtering

        <#Filtering>
          +
            3.1.1 Simple filtergraphs

            <#Simple-filtergraphs>
          +
            3.1.2 Complex filtergraphs

            <#Complex-filtergraphs>
      o
        3.2 Stream copy

        <#Stream-copy>
  *
    4 Stream selection

    <#Stream-selection>
      o
        4.1 Description

        <#Description-1>
          +
            4.1.1 Automatic stream selection

            <#Automatic-stream-selection>
          +
            4.1.2 Manual stream selection

            <#Manual-stream-selection>
          +
            4.1.3 Complex filtergraphs

            <#Complex-filtergraphs-1>
          +
            4.1.4 Stream handling

            <#Stream-handling>
      o
        4.2 Examples

        <#Examples>
  *
    5 Options

    <#Options>
      o
        5.1 Stream specifiers

        <#Stream-specifiers-1>
      o
        5.2 Generic options

        <#Generic-options>
      o
        5.3 AVOptions

        <#AVOptions>
      o
        5.4 Main options

        <#Main-options>
      o
        5.5 Video Options

        <#Video-Options>
      o
        5.6 Advanced Video options

        <#Advanced-Video-options>
      o
        5.7 Audio Options

        <#Audio-Options>
      o
        5.8 Advanced Audio options

        <#Advanced-Audio-options>
      o
        5.9 Subtitle options

        <#Subtitle-options>
      o
        5.10 Advanced Subtitle options

        <#Advanced-Subtitle-options>
      o
        5.11 Advanced options

        <#Advanced-options>
      o
        5.12 Preset files

        <#Preset-files>
          +
            5.12.1 ffpreset files

            <#ffpreset-files>
          +
            5.12.2 avpreset files

            <#avpreset-files>
      o
        5.13 vstats file format

        <#vstats-file-format>
  *
    6 Examples

    <#Examples-1>
      o
        6.1 Video and Audio grabbing

        <#Video-and-Audio-grabbing>
      o
        6.2 X11 grabbing

        <#X11-grabbing>
      o
        6.3 Video and Audio file format conversion

        <#Video-and-Audio-file-format-conversion>
  *
    7 See Also

    <#See-Also>
  *
    8 Authors

    <#Authors>

  *
    Synopsis

    <#Synopsis>
  *
    Description

    <#Description>
  *
    Detailed description

    <#Detailed-description>
  *
    Stream selection

    <#Stream-selection>
  *
    Options

    <#Options>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples-1>
  *
    See Also

    <#See-Also>
  *
    Authors

    <#Authors>


    1 Synopsis

ffmpeg [global_options] {[input_file_options] -i input_url} ...
{[output_file_options] output_url} ...


    2 Description

|ffmpeg| is a universal media converter. It can read a wide variety of
inputs - including live grabbing/recording devices - filter, and
transcode them into a plethora of output formats.

|ffmpeg| reads from an arbitrary number of input "files" (which can be
regular files, pipes, network streams, grabbing devices, etc.),
specified by the |-i| option, and writes to an arbitrary number of
output "files", which are specified by a plain output url. Anything
found on the command line which cannot be interpreted as an option is
considered to be an output url.

Each input or output url can, in principle, contain any number of
streams of different types (video/audio/subtitle/attachment/data). The
allowed number and/or types of streams may be limited by the container
format. Selecting which streams from which inputs will go into which
output is either done automatically or with the |-map| option (see the
Stream selection chapter).

To refer to input files in options, you must use their indices
(0-based). E.g. the first input file is |0|, the second is |1|, etc.
Similarly, streams within a file are referred to by their indices. E.g.
|2:3| refers to the fourth stream in the third input file. Also see the
Stream specifiers chapter.

As a general rule, options are applied to the next specified file.
Therefore, order is important, and you can have the same option on the
command line multiple times. Each occurrence is then applied to the next
input or output file. Exceptions from this rule are the global options
(e.g. verbosity level), which should be specified first.

Do not mix input and output files – first specify all input files, then
all output files. Also do not mix options which belong to different
files. All options apply ONLY to the next input or output file and are
reset between files.

Some simple examples follow.

  * Convert an input media file to a different format, by re-encoding
    media streams:

    ffmpeg -i input.avi output.mp4

  * Set the video bitrate of the output file to 64 kbit/s:

    ffmpeg -i input.avi -b:v 64k -bufsize 64k output.mp4

  * Force the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

    ffmpeg -i input.avi -r 24 output.mp4

  * Force the frame rate of the input file (valid for raw formats only)
    to 1 fps and the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

    ffmpeg -r 1 -i input.m2v -r 24 output.mp4

The format option may be needed for raw input files.


    3 Detailed description

The transcoding process in |ffmpeg| for each output can be described by
the following diagram:

 _______              ______________
|       |            |              |
| input |  demuxer   | encoded data |   decoder
| file  | ---------> | packets      | -----+
|_______|            |______________|      |
                                           v
                                       _________
                                      |         |
                                      | decoded |
                                      | frames  |
                                      |_________|
 ________             ______________       |
|        |           |              |      |
| output | <-------- | encoded data | <----+
| file   |   muxer   | packets      |   encoder
|________|           |______________|


|ffmpeg| calls the libavformat library (containing demuxers) to read
input files and get packets containing encoded data from them. When
there are multiple input files, |ffmpeg| tries to keep them synchronized
by tracking lowest timestamp on any active input stream.

Encoded packets are then passed to the decoder (unless streamcopy is
selected for the stream, see further for a description). The decoder
produces uncompressed frames (raw video/PCM audio/...) which can be
processed further by filtering (see next section). After filtering, the
frames are passed to the encoder, which encodes them and outputs encoded
packets. Finally those are passed to the muxer, which writes the encoded
packets to the output file.

  *
    Filtering

    <#Filtering>
  *
    Stream copy

    <#Stream-copy>


      3.1 Filtering

Before encoding, |ffmpeg| can process raw audio and video frames using
filters from the libavfilter library. Several chained filters form a
filter graph. |ffmpeg| distinguishes between two types of filtergraphs:
simple and complex.

  *
    Simple filtergraphs

    <#Simple-filtergraphs>
  *
    Complex filtergraphs

    <#Complex-filtergraphs>


        3.1.1 Simple filtergraphs

Simple filtergraphs are those that have exactly one input and output,
both of the same type. In the above diagram they can be represented by
simply inserting an additional step between decoding and encoding:

 _________                        ______________
|         |                      |              |
| decoded |                      | encoded data |
| frames  |\                   _ | packets      |
|_________| \                  /||______________|
             \   __________   /
  simple     _\||          | /  encoder
  filtergraph   | filtered |/
                | frames   |
                |__________|

Simple filtergraphs are configured with the per-stream -filter option
(with -vf and -af aliases for video and audio respectively). A simple
filtergraph for video can look for example like this:

 _______        _____________        _______        ________
|       |      |             |      |       |      |        |
| input | ---> | deinterlace | ---> | scale | ---> | output |
|_______|      |_____________|      |_______|      |________|

Note that some filters change frame properties but not frame contents.
E.g. the |fps| filter in the example above changes number of frames, but
does not touch the frame contents. Another example is the |setpts|
filter, which only sets timestamps and otherwise passes the frames
unchanged.


        3.1.2 Complex filtergraphs

Complex filtergraphs are those which cannot be described as simply a
linear processing chain applied to one stream. This is the case, for
example, when the graph has more than one input and/or output, or when
output stream type is different from input. They can be represented with
the following diagram:

 _________
|         |
| input 0 |\                    __________
|_________| \                  |          |
             \   _________    /| output 0 |
              \ |         |  / |__________|
 _________     \| complex | /
|         |     |         |/
| input 1 |---->| filter  |\
|_________|     |         | \   __________
               /| graph   |  \ |          |
              / |         |   \| output 1 |
 _________   /  |_________|    |__________|
|         | /
| input 2 |/
|_________|

Complex filtergraphs are configured with the -filter_complex option.
Note that this option is global, since a complex filtergraph, by its
nature, cannot be unambiguously associated with a single stream or file.

The -lavfi option is equivalent to -filter_complex.

A trivial example of a complex filtergraph is the |overlay| filter,
which has two video inputs and one video output, containing one video
overlaid on top of the other. Its audio counterpart is the |amix| filter.


      3.2 Stream copy

Stream copy is a mode selected by supplying the |copy| parameter to the
-codec option. It makes |ffmpeg| omit the decoding and encoding step for
the specified stream, so it does only demuxing and muxing. It is useful
for changing the container format or modifying container-level metadata.
The diagram above will, in this case, simplify to this:

 _______              ______________            ________
|       |            |              |          |        |
| input |  demuxer   | encoded data |  muxer   | output |
| file  | ---------> | packets      | -------> | file   |
|_______|            |______________|          |________|

Since there is no decoding or encoding, it is very fast and there is no
quality loss. However, it might not work in some cases because of many
factors. Applying filters is obviously also impossible, since filters
work on uncompressed data.


    4 Stream selection

|ffmpeg| provides the |-map| option for manual control of stream
selection in each output file. Users can skip |-map| and let ffmpeg
perform automatic stream selection as described below. The |-vn / -an /
-sn / -dn| options can be used to skip inclusion of video, audio,
subtitle and data streams respectively, whether manually mapped or
automatically selected, except for those streams which are outputs of
complex filtergraphs.

  *
    Description

    <#Description-1>
  *
    Examples

    <#Examples>


      4.1 Description

The sub-sections that follow describe the various rules that are
involved in stream selection. The examples that follow next show how
these rules are applied in practice.

While every effort is made to accurately reflect the behavior of the
program, FFmpeg is under continuous development and the code may have
changed since the time of this writing.

  *
    Automatic stream selection

    <#Automatic-stream-selection>
  *
    Manual stream selection

    <#Manual-stream-selection>
  *
    Complex filtergraphs

    <#Complex-filtergraphs-1>
  *
    Stream handling

    <#Stream-handling>


        4.1.1 Automatic stream selection

In the absence of any map options for a particular output file, ffmpeg
inspects the output format to check which type of streams can be
included in it, viz. video, audio and/or subtitles. For each acceptable
stream type, ffmpeg will pick one stream, when available, from among all
the inputs.

It will select that stream based upon the following criteria:

  * for video, it is the stream with the highest resolution,
  * for audio, it is the stream with the most channels,
  * for subtitles, it is the first subtitle stream found but there’s a
    caveat. The output format’s default subtitle encoder can be either
    text-based or image-based, and only a subtitle stream of the same
    type will be chosen. 

In the case where several streams of the same type rate equally, the
stream with the lowest index is chosen.

Data or attachment streams are not automatically selected and can only
be included using |-map|.


        4.1.2 Manual stream selection

When |-map| is used, only user-mapped streams are included in that
output file, with one possible exception for filtergraph outputs
described below.


        4.1.3 Complex filtergraphs

If there are any complex filtergraph output streams with unlabeled pads,
they will be added to the first output file. This will lead to a fatal
error if the stream type is not supported by the output format. In the
absence of the map option, the inclusion of these streams leads to the
automatic stream selection of their types being skipped. If map options
are present, these filtergraph streams are included in addition to the
mapped streams.

Complex filtergraph output streams with labeled pads must be mapped once
and exactly once.


        4.1.4 Stream handling

Stream handling is independent of stream selection, with an exception
for subtitles described below. Stream handling is set via the |-codec|
option addressed to streams within a specific /output/ file. In
particular, codec options are applied by ffmpeg after the stream
selection process and thus do not influence the latter. If no |-codec|
option is specified for a stream type, ffmpeg will select the default
encoder registered by the output file muxer.

An exception exists for subtitles. If a subtitle encoder is specified
for an output file, the first subtitle stream found of any type, text or
image, will be included. ffmpeg does not validate if the specified
encoder can convert the selected stream or if the converted stream is
acceptable within the output format. This applies generally as well:
when the user sets an encoder manually, the stream selection process
cannot check if the encoded stream can be muxed into the output file. If
it cannot, ffmpeg will abort and /all/ output files will fail to be
processed.


      4.2 Examples

The following examples illustrate the behavior, quirks and limitations
of ffmpeg’s stream selection methods.

They assume the following three input files.

input file 'A.avi'
      stream 0: video 640x360
      stream 1: audio 2 channels

input file 'B.mp4'
      stream 0: video 1920x1080
      stream 1: audio 2 channels
      stream 2: subtitles (text)
      stream 3: audio 5.1 channels
      stream 4: subtitles (text)

input file 'C.mkv'
      stream 0: video 1280x720
      stream 1: audio 2 channels
      stream 2: subtitles (image)


        Example: automatic stream selection

ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 out1.mkv out2.wav -map 1:a -c:a copy out3.mov

There are three output files specified, and for the first two, no |-map|
options are set, so ffmpeg will select streams for these two files
automatically.

out1.mkv is a Matroska container file and accepts video, audio and
subtitle streams, so ffmpeg will try to select one of each type.
For video, it will select |stream 0| from B.mp4, which has the highest
resolution among all the input video streams.
For audio, it will select |stream 3| from B.mp4, since it has the
greatest number of channels.
For subtitles, it will select |stream 2| from B.mp4, which is the first
subtitle stream from among A.avi and B.mp4.

out2.wav accepts only audio streams, so only |stream 3| from B.mp4 is
selected.

For out3.mov, since a |-map| option is set, no automatic stream
selection will occur. The |-map 1:a| option will select all audio
streams from the second input B.mp4. No other streams will be included
in this output file.

For the first two outputs, all included streams will be transcoded. The
encoders chosen will be the default ones registered by each output
format, which may not match the codec of the selected input streams.

For the third output, codec option for audio streams has been set to
|copy|, so no decoding-filtering-encoding operations will occur, or
/can/ occur. Packets of selected streams shall be conveyed from the
input file and muxed within the output file.


        Example: automatic subtitles selection

ffmpeg -i C.mkv out1.mkv -c:s dvdsub -an out2.mkv

Although out1.mkv is a Matroska container file which accepts subtitle
streams, only a video and audio stream shall be selected. The subtitle
stream of C.mkv is image-based and the default subtitle encoder of the
Matroska muxer is text-based, so a transcode operation for the subtitles
is expected to fail and hence the stream isn’t selected. However, in
out2.mkv, a subtitle encoder is specified in the command and so, the
subtitle stream is selected, in addition to the video stream. The
presence of |-an| disables audio stream selection for out2.mkv.


        Example: unlabeled filtergraph outputs

ffmpeg -i A.avi -i C.mkv -i B.mp4 -filter_complex "overlay" out1.mp4 out2.srt

A filtergraph is setup here using the |-filter_complex| option and
consists of a single video filter. The |overlay| filter requires exactly
two video inputs, but none are specified, so the first two available
video streams are used, those of A.avi and C.mkv. The output pad of the
filter has no label and so is sent to the first output file out1.mp4.
Due to this, automatic selection of the video stream is skipped, which
would have selected the stream in B.mp4. The audio stream with most
channels viz. |stream 3| in B.mp4, is chosen automatically. No subtitle
stream is chosen however, since the MP4 format has no default subtitle
encoder registered, and the user hasn’t specified a subtitle encoder.

The 2nd output file, out2.srt, only accepts text-based subtitle streams.
So, even though the first subtitle stream available belongs to C.mkv, it
is image-based and hence skipped. The selected stream, |stream 2| in
B.mp4, is the first text-based subtitle stream.


        Example: labeled filtergraph outputs

ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
       -map '[outv]' -an        out1.mp4 \
                                out2.mkv \
       -map '[outv]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

The above command will fail, as the output pad labelled |[outv]| has
been mapped twice. None of the output files shall be processed.

ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
       -an        out1.mp4 \
                  out2.mkv \
       -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

This command above will also fail as the hue filter output has a label,
|[outv]|, and hasn’t been mapped anywhere.

The command should be modified as follows,

ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0,split=2[outv1][outv2];overlay;aresample" \
        -map '[outv1]' -an        out1.mp4 \
                                  out2.mkv \
        -map '[outv2]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

The video stream from B.mp4 is sent to the hue filter, whose output is
cloned once using the split filter, and both outputs labelled. Then a
copy each is mapped to the first and third output files.

The overlay filter, requiring two video inputs, uses the first two
unused video streams. Those are the streams from A.avi and C.mkv. The
overlay output isn’t labelled, so it is sent to the first output file
out1.mp4, regardless of the presence of the |-map| option.

The aresample filter is sent the first unused audio stream, that of
A.avi. Since this filter output is also unlabelled, it too is mapped to
the first output file. The presence of |-an| only suppresses automatic
or manual stream selection of audio streams, not outputs sent from
filtergraphs. Both these mapped streams shall be ordered before the
mapped stream in out1.mp4.

The video, audio and subtitle streams mapped to |out2.mkv| are entirely
determined by automatic stream selection.

out3.mkv consists of the cloned video output from the hue filter and the
first audio stream from B.mp4.


    5 Options

All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept a string
representing a number as input, which may be followed by one of the SI
unit prefixes, for example: ’K’, ’M’, or ’G’.

If ’i’ is appended to the SI unit prefix, the complete prefix will be
interpreted as a unit prefix for binary multiples, which are based on
powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. Appending ’B’ to the SI unit
prefix multiplies the value by 8. This allows using, for example: ’KB’,
’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as number suffixes.

Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the
corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing the
option name with "no". For example using "-nofoo" will set the boolean
option with name "foo" to false.

  *
    Stream specifiers

    <#Stream-specifiers-1>
  *
    Generic options

    <#Generic-options>
  *
    AVOptions

    <#AVOptions>
  *
    Main options

    <#Main-options>
  *
    Video Options

    <#Video-Options>
  *
    Advanced Video options

    <#Advanced-Video-options>
  *
    Audio Options

    <#Audio-Options>
  *
    Advanced Audio options

    <#Advanced-Audio-options>
  *
    Subtitle options

    <#Subtitle-options>
  *
    Advanced Subtitle options

    <#Advanced-Subtitle-options>
  *
    Advanced options

    <#Advanced-options>
  *
    Preset files

    <#Preset-files>
  *
    vstats file format

    <#vstats-file-format>


      5.1 Stream specifiers

Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream
specifiers are used to precisely specify which stream(s) a given option
belongs to.

A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and
separated from it by a colon. E.g. |-codec:a:1 ac3| contains the |a:1|
stream specifier, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore, it
would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.

A stream specifier can match several streams, so that the option is
applied to all of them. E.g. the stream specifier in |-b:a 128k| matches
all audio streams.

An empty stream specifier matches all streams. For example, |-codec
copy| or |-codec: copy| would copy all the streams without reencoding.

Possible forms of stream specifiers are:

stream_index

    Matches the stream with this index. E.g. |-threads:1 4| would set
    the thread count for the second stream to 4. If stream_index is used
    as an additional stream specifier (see below), then it selects
    stream number stream_index from the matching streams. Stream
    numbering is based on the order of the streams as detected by
    libavformat except when a program ID is also specified. In this case
    it is based on the ordering of the streams in the program.

stream_type[:additional_stream_specifier]

    stream_type is one of following: ’v’ or ’V’ for video, ’a’ for
    audio, ’s’ for subtitle, ’d’ for data, and ’t’ for attachments. ’v’
    matches all video streams, ’V’ only matches video streams which are
    not attached pictures, video thumbnails or cover arts. If
    additional_stream_specifier is used, then it matches streams which
    both have this type and match the additional_stream_specifier.
    Otherwise, it matches all streams of the specified type.

p:program_id[:additional_stream_specifier]

    Matches streams which are in the program with the id program_id. If
    additional_stream_specifier is used, then it matches streams which
    both are part of the program and match the additional_stream_specifier.

#stream_id or i:stream_id

    Match the stream by stream id (e.g. PID in MPEG-TS container).

m:key[:value]

    Matches streams with the metadata tag key having the specified
    value. If value is not given, matches streams that contain the given
    tag with any value.

u

    Matches streams with usable configuration, the codec must be defined
    and the essential information such as video dimension or audio
    sample rate must be present.

    Note that in |ffmpeg|, matching by metadata will only work properly
    for input files.


      5.2 Generic options

These options are shared amongst the ff* tools.

-L

    Show license.

-h, -?, -help, --help [arg]

    Show help. An optional parameter may be specified to print help
    about a specific item. If no argument is specified, only basic (non
    advanced) tool options are shown.

    Possible values of arg are:

    long

        Print advanced tool options in addition to the basic tool options.

    full

        Print complete list of options, including shared and private
        options for encoders, decoders, demuxers, muxers, filters, etc.

    decoder=decoder_name

        Print detailed information about the decoder named decoder_name.
        Use the -decoders option to get a list of all decoders.

    encoder=encoder_name

        Print detailed information about the encoder named encoder_name.
        Use the -encoders option to get a list of all encoders.

    demuxer=demuxer_name

        Print detailed information about the demuxer named demuxer_name.
        Use the -formats option to get a list of all demuxers and muxers.

    muxer=muxer_name

        Print detailed information about the muxer named muxer_name. Use
        the -formats option to get a list of all muxers and demuxers.

    filter=filter_name

        Print detailed information about the filter named filter_name.
        Use the -filters option to get a list of all filters.

    bsf=bitstream_filter_name

        Print detailed information about the bitstream filter named
        bitstream_filter_name. Use the -bsfs option to get a list of all
        bitstream filters.

    protocol=protocol_name

        Print detailed information about the protocol named
        protocol_name. Use the -protocols option to get a list of all
        protocols.

-version

    Show version.

-buildconf

    Show the build configuration, one option per line.

-formats

    Show available formats (including devices).

-demuxers

    Show available demuxers.

-muxers

    Show available muxers.

-devices

    Show available devices.

-codecs

    Show all codecs known to libavcodec.

    Note that the term ’codec’ is used throughout this documentation as
    a shortcut for what is more correctly called a media bitstream format.

-decoders

    Show available decoders.

-encoders

    Show all available encoders.

-bsfs

    Show available bitstream filters.

-protocols

    Show available protocols.

-filters

    Show available libavfilter filters.

-pix_fmts

    Show available pixel formats.

-sample_fmts

    Show available sample formats.

-layouts

    Show channel names and standard channel layouts.

-dispositions

    Show stream dispositions.

-colors

    Show recognized color names.

-sources device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

    Show autodetected sources of the input device. Some devices may
    provide system-dependent source names that cannot be autodetected.
    The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

    ffmpeg -sources pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-sinks device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

    Show autodetected sinks of the output device. Some devices may
    provide system-dependent sink names that cannot be autodetected. The
    returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

    ffmpeg -sinks pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-loglevel [flags+]loglevel | -v [flags+]loglevel

    Set logging level and flags used by the library.

    The optional flags prefix can consist of the following values:

    ‘repeat’

        Indicates that repeated log output should not be compressed to
        the first line and the "Last message repeated n times" line will
        be omitted.

    ‘level’

        Indicates that log output should add a |[level]| prefix to each
        message line. This can be used as an alternative to log
        coloring, e.g. when dumping the log to file.

    Flags can also be used alone by adding a ’+’/’-’ prefix to set/reset
    a single flag without affecting other flags or changing loglevel.
    When setting both flags and loglevel, a ’+’ separator is expected
    between the last flags value and before loglevel.

    loglevel is a string or a number containing one of the following
    values:

    ‘quiet, -8’

        Show nothing at all; be silent.

    ‘panic, 0’

        Only show fatal errors which could lead the process to crash,
        such as an assertion failure. This is not currently used for
        anything.

    ‘fatal, 8’

        Only show fatal errors. These are errors after which the process
        absolutely cannot continue.

    ‘error, 16’

        Show all errors, including ones which can be recovered from.

    ‘warning, 24’

        Show all warnings and errors. Any message related to possibly
        incorrect or unexpected events will be shown.

    ‘info, 32’

        Show informative messages during processing. This is in addition
        to warnings and errors. This is the default value.

    ‘verbose, 40’

        Same as |info|, except more verbose.

    ‘debug, 48’

        Show everything, including debugging information.

    ‘trace, 56’

    For example to enable repeated log output, add the |level| prefix,
    and set loglevel to |verbose|:

    ffmpeg -loglevel repeat+level+verbose -i input output

    Another example that enables repeated log output without affecting
    current state of |level| prefix flag or loglevel:

    ffmpeg [...] -loglevel +repeat

    By default the program logs to stderr. If coloring is supported by
    the terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log
    coloring can be disabled setting the environment variable
    |AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR|, or can be forced setting the environment
    variable |AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR|.

-report

    Dump full command line and log output to a file named
    |program-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.log| in the current directory. This file
    can be useful for bug reports. It also implies |-loglevel debug|.

    Setting the environment variable |FFREPORT| to any value has the
    same effect. If the value is a ’:’-separated key=value sequence,
    these options will affect the report; option values must be escaped
    if they contain special characters or the options delimiter ’:’ (see
    the “Quoting and escaping” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual).

    The following options are recognized:

    file

        set the file name to use for the report; |%p| is expanded to the
        name of the program, |%t| is expanded to a timestamp, |%%| is
        expanded to a plain |%|

    level

        set the log verbosity level using a numerical value (see
        |-loglevel|).

    For example, to output a report to a file named ffreport.log using a
    log level of |32| (alias for log level |info|):

    FFREPORT=file=ffreport.log:level=32 ffmpeg -i input output

    Errors in parsing the environment variable are not fatal, and will
    not appear in the report.

-hide_banner

    Suppress printing banner.

    All FFmpeg tools will normally show a copyright notice, build
    options and library versions. This option can be used to suppress
    printing this information.

-cpuflags flags (/global/)

    Allows setting and clearing cpu flags. This option is intended for
    testing. Do not use it unless you know what you’re doing.

    ffmpeg -cpuflags -sse+mmx ...
    ffmpeg -cpuflags mmx ...
    ffmpeg -cpuflags 0 ...

    Possible flags for this option are:

    ‘x86’

        ‘mmx’
        ‘mmxext’
        ‘sse’
        ‘sse2’
        ‘sse2slow’
        ‘sse3’
        ‘sse3slow’
        ‘ssse3’
        ‘atom’
        ‘sse4.1’
        ‘sse4.2’
        ‘avx’
        ‘avx2’
        ‘xop’
        ‘fma3’
        ‘fma4’
        ‘3dnow’
        ‘3dnowext’
        ‘bmi1’
        ‘bmi2’
        ‘cmov’

    ‘ARM’

        ‘armv5te’
        ‘armv6’
        ‘armv6t2’
        ‘vfp’
        ‘vfpv3’
        ‘neon’
        ‘setend’

    ‘AArch64’

        ‘armv8’
        ‘vfp’
        ‘neon’

    ‘PowerPC’

        ‘altivec’

    ‘Specific Processors’

        ‘pentium2’
        ‘pentium3’
        ‘pentium4’
        ‘k6’
        ‘k62’
        ‘athlon’
        ‘athlonxp’
        ‘k8’

-cpucount count (/global/)

    Override detection of CPU count. This option is intended for
    testing. Do not use it unless you know what you’re doing.

    ffmpeg -cpucount 2

-max_alloc bytes

    Set the maximum size limit for allocating a block on the heap by
    ffmpeg’s family of malloc functions. Exercise *extreme caution* when
    using this option. Don’t use if you do not understand the full
    consequence of doing so. Default is INT_MAX.


      5.3 AVOptions

These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and
libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the
-help option. They are separated into two categories:

generic

    These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic
    options are listed under AVFormatContext options for
    containers/devices and under AVCodecContext options for codecs.

private

    These options are specific to the given container, device or codec.
    Private options are listed under their corresponding
    containers/devices/codecs.

For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to
an MP3 file, use the id3v2_version private option of the MP3 muxer:

ffmpeg -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3

All codec AVOptions are per-stream, and thus a stream specifier should
be attached to them:

ffmpeg -i multichannel.mxf -map 0:v:0 -map 0:a:0 -map 0:a:0 -c:a:0 ac3 -b:a:0 640k -ac:a:1 2 -c:a:1 aac -b:2 128k out.mp4

In the above example, a multichannel audio stream is mapped twice for
output. The first instance is encoded with codec ac3 and bitrate 640k.
The second instance is downmixed to 2 channels and encoded with codec
aac. A bitrate of 128k is specified for it using absolute index of the
output stream.

Note: the -nooption syntax cannot be used for boolean AVOptions, use
-option 0/-option 1.

Note: the old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by
prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be removed
soon.


      5.4 Main options

-f fmt (/input/output/)

    Force input or output file format. The format is normally auto
    detected for input files and guessed from the file extension for
    output files, so this option is not needed in most cases.

-i url (/input/)

    input file url

-y (/global/)

    Overwrite output files without asking.

-n (/global/)

    Do not overwrite output files, and exit immediately if a specified
    output file already exists.

-stream_loop number (/input/)

    Set number of times input stream shall be looped. Loop 0 means no
    loop, loop -1 means infinite loop.

-recast_media (/global/)

    Allow forcing a decoder of a different media type than the one
    detected or designated by the demuxer. Useful for decoding media
    data muxed as data streams.

-c[:stream_specifier] codec (/input/output,per-stream/)
-codec[:stream_specifier] codec (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Select an encoder (when used before an output file) or a decoder
    (when used before an input file) for one or more streams. codec is
    the name of a decoder/encoder or a special value |copy| (output
    only) to indicate that the stream is not to be re-encoded.

    For example

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy OUTPUT

    encodes all video streams with libx264 and copies all audio streams.

    For each stream, the last matching |c| option is applied, so

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c copy -c:v:1 libx264 -c:a:137 libvorbis OUTPUT

    will copy all the streams except the second video, which will be
    encoded with libx264, and the 138th audio, which will be encoded
    with libvorbis.

-t duration (/input/output/)

    When used as an input option (before |-i|), limit the duration of
    data read from the input file.

    When used as an output option (before an output url), stop writing
    the output after its duration reaches duration.

    duration must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


    -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-to position (/input/output/)

    Stop writing the output or reading the input at position. position
    must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


    -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-fs limit_size (/output/)

    Set the file size limit, expressed in bytes. No further chunk of
    bytes is written after the limit is exceeded. The size of the output
    file is slightly more than the requested file size.

-ss position (/input/output/)

    When used as an input option (before |-i|), seeks in this input file
    to position. Note that in most formats it is not possible to seek
    exactly, so |ffmpeg| will seek to the closest seek point before
    position. When transcoding and -accurate_seek is enabled (the
    default), this extra segment between the seek point and position
    will be decoded and discarded. When doing stream copy or when
    -noaccurate_seek is used, it will be preserved.

    When used as an output option (before an output url), decodes but
    discards input until the timestamps reach position.

    position must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


-sseof position (/input/)

    Like the |-ss| option but relative to the "end of file". That is
    negative values are earlier in the file, 0 is at EOF.

-isync input_index (/input/)

    Assign an input as a sync source.

    This will take the difference between the start times of the target
    and reference inputs and offset the timestamps of the target file by
    that difference. The source timestamps of the two inputs should
    derive from the same clock source for expected results. If |copyts|
    is set then |start_at_zero| must also be set. If either of the
    inputs has no starting timestamp then no sync adjustment is made.

    Acceptable values are those that refer to a valid ffmpeg input
    index. If the sync reference is the target index itself or -1, then
    no adjustment is made to target timestamps. A sync reference may not
    itself be synced to any other input.

    Default value is -1.

-itsoffset offset (/input/)

    Set the input time offset.

    offset must be a time duration specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax>.


    The offset is added to the timestamps of the input files. Specifying
    a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed
    by the time duration specified in offset.

-itsscale scale (/input,per-stream/)

    Rescale input timestamps. scale should be a floating point number.

-timestamp date (/output/)

    Set the recording timestamp in the container.

    date must be a date specification, see
    (ffmpeg-utils)the Date section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html#date-syntax>.


-metadata[:metadata_specifier] key=value (/output,per-metadata/)

    Set a metadata key/value pair.

    An optional metadata_specifier may be given to set metadata on
    streams, chapters or programs. See |-map_metadata| documentation for
    details.

    This option overrides metadata set with |-map_metadata|. It is also
    possible to delete metadata by using an empty value.

    For example, for setting the title in the output file:

    ffmpeg -i in.avi -metadata title="my title" out.flv

    To set the language of the first audio stream:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng OUTPUT

-disposition[:stream_specifier] value (/output,per-stream/)

    Sets the disposition for a stream.

    By default, the disposition is copied from the input stream, unless
    the output stream this option applies to is fed by a complex
    filtergraph - in that case the disposition is unset by default.

    value is a sequence of items separated by ’+’ or ’-’. The first item
    may also be prefixed with ’+’ or ’-’, in which case this option
    modifies the default value. Otherwise (the first item is not
    prefixed) this options overrides the default value. A ’+’ prefix
    adds the given disposition, ’-’ removes it. It is also possible to
    clear the disposition by setting it to 0.

    If no |-disposition| options were specified for an output file,
    ffmpeg will automatically set the ’default’ disposition on the first
    stream of each type, when there are multiple streams of this type in
    the output file and no stream of that type is already marked as
    default.

    The |-dispositions| option lists the known dispositions.

    For example, to make the second audio stream the default stream:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:1 default out.mkv

    To make the second subtitle stream the default stream and remove the
    default disposition from the first subtitle stream:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:s:0 0 -disposition:s:1 default out.mkv

    To add an embedded cover/thumbnail:

    ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -i IMAGE -map 0 -map 1 -c copy -c:v:1 png -disposition:v:1 attached_pic out.mp4

    Not all muxers support embedded thumbnails, and those who do, only
    support a few formats, like JPEG or PNG.

-program
[title=title:][program_num=program_num:]st=stream[:st=stream...] (/output/)

    Creates a program with the specified title, program_num and adds the
    specified stream(s) to it.

-target type (/output/)

    Specify target file type (|vcd|, |svcd|, |dvd|, |dv|, |dv50|). type
    may be prefixed with |pal-|, |ntsc-| or |film-| to use the
    corresponding standard. All the format options (bitrate, codecs,
    buffer sizes) are then set automatically. You can just type:

    ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd /tmp/vcd.mpg

    Nevertheless you can specify additional options as long as you know
    they do not conflict with the standard, as in:

    ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd -bf 2 /tmp/vcd.mpg

    The parameters set for each target are as follows.

    *VCD*

    pal:
    -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
    -s 352x288 -r 25
    -codec:v mpeg1video -g 15 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
    -ar 44100 -ac 2
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    ntsc:
    -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
    -s 352x240 -r 30000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
    -ar 44100 -ac 2
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    film:
    -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
    -s 352x240 -r 24000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
    -ar 44100 -ac 2
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    *SVCD*

    pal:
    -f svcd -packetsize 2324
    -s 480x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
    -ar 44100
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    ntsc:
    -f svcd -packetsize 2324
    -s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
    -ar 44100
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    film:
    -f svcd -packetsize 2324
    -s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
    -ar 44100
    -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

    *DVD*

    pal:
    -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
    -s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
    -ar 48000
    -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

    ntsc:
    -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
    -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
    -ar 48000
    -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

    film:
    -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
    -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
    -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
    -ar 48000
    -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

    *DV*

    pal:
    -f dv
    -s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
    -ar 48000 -ac 2

    ntsc:
    -f dv
    -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 30000/1001
    -ar 48000 -ac 2

    film:
    -f dv
    -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 24000/1001
    -ar 48000 -ac 2

    The |dv50| target is identical to the |dv| target except that the
    pixel format set is |yuv422p| for all three standards.

    Any user-set value for a parameter above will override the target
    preset value. In that case, the output may not comply with the
    target standard.

-dn (/input/output/)

    As an input option, blocks all data streams of a file from being
    filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output.
    See |-discard| option to disable streams individually.

    As an output option, disables data recording i.e. automatic
    selection or mapping of any data stream. For full manual control see
    the |-map| option.

-dframes number (/output/)

    Set the number of data frames to output. This is an obsolete alias
    for |-frames:d|, which you should use instead.

-frames[:stream_specifier] framecount (/output,per-stream/)

    Stop writing to the stream after framecount frames.

-q[:stream_specifier] q (/output,per-stream/)
-qscale[:stream_specifier] q (/output,per-stream/)

    Use fixed quality scale (VBR). The meaning of q/qscale is
    codec-dependent. If qscale is used without a stream_specifier then
    it applies only to the video stream, this is to maintain
    compatibility with previous behavior and as specifying the same
    codec specific value to 2 different codecs that is audio and video
    generally is not what is intended when no stream_specifier is used.

-filter[:stream_specifier] filtergraph (/output,per-stream/)

    Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter
    the stream.

    filtergraph is a description of the filtergraph to apply to the
    stream, and must have a single input and a single output of the same
    type of the stream. In the filtergraph, the input is associated to
    the label |in|, and the output to the label |out|. See the
    ffmpeg-filters manual for more information about the filtergraph
    syntax.

    See the
    -filter_complex option

    <#filter_005fcomplex_005foption> if you want to create filtergraphs
    with multiple inputs and/or outputs.

-filter_script[:stream_specifier] filename (/output,per-stream/)

    This option is similar to -filter, the only difference is that its
    argument is the name of the file from which a filtergraph
    description is to be read.

-reinit_filter[:stream_specifier] integer (/input,per-stream/)

    This boolean option determines if the filtergraph(s) to which this
    stream is fed gets reinitialized when input frame parameters change
    mid-stream. This option is enabled by default as most video and all
    audio filters cannot handle deviation in input frame properties.
    Upon reinitialization, existing filter state is lost, like e.g. the
    frame count |n| reference available in some filters. Any frames
    buffered at time of reinitialization are lost. The properties where
    a change triggers reinitialization are, for video, frame resolution
    or pixel format; for audio, sample format, sample rate, channel
    count or channel layout.

-filter_threads nb_threads (/global/)

    Defines how many threads are used to process a filter pipeline. Each
    pipeline will produce a thread pool with this many threads available
    for parallel processing. The default is the number of available CPUs.

-pre[:stream_specifier] preset_name (/output,per-stream/)

    Specify the preset for matching stream(s).

-stats (/global/)

    Print encoding progress/statistics. It is on by default, to
    explicitly disable it you need to specify |-nostats|.

-stats_period time (/global/)

    Set period at which encoding progress/statistics are updated.
    Default is 0.5 seconds.

-progress url (/global/)

    Send program-friendly progress information to url.

    Progress information is written periodically and at the end of the
    encoding process. It is made of "key=value" lines. key consists of
    only alphanumeric characters. The last key of a sequence of progress
    information is always "progress".

    The update period is set using |-stats_period|.

-stdin

    Enable interaction on standard input. On by default unless standard
    input is used as an input. To explicitly disable interaction you
    need to specify |-nostdin|.

    Disabling interaction on standard input is useful, for example, if
    ffmpeg is in the background process group. Roughly the same result
    can be achieved with |ffmpeg ... < /dev/null| but it requires a shell.

-debug_ts (/global/)

    Print timestamp information. It is off by default. This option is
    mostly useful for testing and debugging purposes, and the output
    format may change from one version to another, so it should not be
    employed by portable scripts.

    See also the option |-fdebug ts|.

-attach filename (/output/)

    Add an attachment to the output file. This is supported by a few
    formats like Matroska for e.g. fonts used in rendering subtitles.
    Attachments are implemented as a specific type of stream, so this
    option will add a new stream to the file. It is then possible to use
    per-stream options on this stream in the usual way. Attachment
    streams created with this option will be created after all the other
    streams (i.e. those created with |-map| or automatic mappings).

    Note that for Matroska you also have to set the mimetype metadata tag:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -attach DejaVuSans.ttf -metadata:s:2 mimetype=application/x-truetype-font out.mkv

    (assuming that the attachment stream will be third in the output file).

-dump_attachment[:stream_specifier] filename (/input,per-stream/)

    Extract the matching attachment stream into a file named filename.
    If filename is empty, then the value of the |filename| metadata tag
    will be used.

    E.g. to extract the first attachment to a file named ’out.ttf’:

    ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t:0 out.ttf -i INPUT

    To extract all attachments to files determined by the |filename| tag:

    ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t "" -i INPUT

    Technical note – attachments are implemented as codec extradata, so
    this option can actually be used to extract extradata from any
    stream, not just attachments.


      5.5 Video Options

-vframes number (/output/)

    Set the number of video frames to output. This is an obsolete alias
    for |-frames:v|, which you should use instead.

-r[:stream_specifier] fps (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).

    As an input option, ignore any timestamps stored in the file and
    instead generate timestamps assuming constant frame rate fps. This
    is not the same as the -framerate option used for some input formats
    like image2 or v4l2 (it used to be the same in older versions of
    FFmpeg). If in doubt use -framerate instead of the input option -r.

    As an output option:

    video encoding

        Duplicate or drop frames right before encoding them to achieve
        constant output frame rate fps.

    video streamcopy

        Indicate to the muxer that fps is the stream frame rate. No data
        is dropped or duplicated in this case. This may produce invalid
        files if fps does not match the actual stream frame rate as
        determined by packet timestamps. See also the |setts| bitstream
        filter.

-fpsmax[:stream_specifier] fps (/output,per-stream/)

    Set maximum frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).

    Clamps output frame rate when output framerate is auto-set and is
    higher than this value. Useful in batch processing or when input
    framerate is wrongly detected as very high. It cannot be set
    together with |-r|. It is ignored during streamcopy.

-s[:stream_specifier] size (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Set frame size.

    As an input option, this is a shortcut for the video_size private
    option, recognized by some demuxers for which the frame size is
    either not stored in the file or is configurable – e.g. raw video or
    video grabbers.

    As an output option, this inserts the |scale| video filter to the
    /end/ of the corresponding filtergraph. Please use the |scale|
    filter directly to insert it at the beginning or some other place.

    The format is ‘wxh’ (default - same as source).

-aspect[:stream_specifier] aspect (/output,per-stream/)

    Set the video display aspect ratio specified by aspect.

    aspect can be a floating point number string, or a string of the
    form num:den, where num and den are the numerator and denominator of
    the aspect ratio. For example "4:3", "16:9", "1.3333", and "1.7777"
    are valid argument values.

    If used together with -vcodec copy, it will affect the aspect ratio
    stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in
    encoded frames, if it exists.

-display_rotation[:stream_specifier] rotation (/input,per-stream/)

    Set video rotation metadata.

    rotation is a decimal number specifying the amount in degree by
    which the video should be rotated counter-clockwise before being
    displayed.

    This option overrides the rotation/display transform metadata stored
    in the file, if any. When the video is being transcoded (rather than
    copied) and |-autorotate| is enabled, the video will be rotated at
    the filtering stage. Otherwise, the metadata will be written into
    the output file if the muxer supports it.

    If the |-display_hflip| and/or |-display_vflip| options are given,
    they are applied after the rotation specified by this option.

-display_hflip[:stream_specifier] (/input,per-stream/)

    Set whether on display the image should be horizontally flipped.

    See the |-display_rotation| option for more details.

-display_vflip[:stream_specifier] (/input,per-stream/)

    Set whether on display the image should be vertically flipped.

    See the |-display_rotation| option for more details.

-vn (/input/output/)

    As an input option, blocks all video streams of a file from being
    filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output.
    See |-discard| option to disable streams individually.

    As an output option, disables video recording i.e. automatic
    selection or mapping of any video stream. For full manual control
    see the |-map| option.

-vcodec codec (/output/)

    Set the video codec. This is an alias for |-codec:v|.

-pass[:stream_specifier] n (/output,per-stream/)

    Select the pass number (1 or 2). It is used to do two-pass video
    encoding. The statistics of the video are recorded in the first pass
    into a log file (see also the option -passlogfile), and in the
    second pass that log file is used to generate the video at the exact
    requested bitrate. On pass 1, you may just deactivate audio and set
    output to null, examples for Windows and Unix:

    ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y NUL
    ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y /dev/null

-passlogfile[:stream_specifier] prefix (/output,per-stream/)

    Set two-pass log file name prefix to prefix, the default file name
    prefix is “ffmpeg2pass”. The complete file name will be
    PREFIX-N.log, where N is a number specific to the output stream

-vf filtergraph (/output/)

    Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter
    the stream.

    This is an alias for |-filter:v|, see the
    -filter option

    <#filter_005foption>.

-autorotate

    Automatically rotate the video according to file metadata. Enabled
    by default, use -noautorotate to disable it.

-autoscale

    Automatically scale the video according to the resolution of first
    frame. Enabled by default, use -noautoscale to disable it. When
    autoscale is disabled, all output frames of filter graph might not
    be in the same resolution and may be inadequate for some
    encoder/muxer. Therefore, it is not recommended to disable it unless
    you really know what you are doing. Disable autoscale at your own risk.


      5.6 Advanced Video options

-pix_fmt[:stream_specifier] format (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Set pixel format. Use |-pix_fmts| to show all the supported pixel
    formats. If the selected pixel format can not be selected, ffmpeg
    will print a warning and select the best pixel format supported by
    the encoder. If pix_fmt is prefixed by a |+|, ffmpeg will exit with
    an error if the requested pixel format can not be selected, and
    automatic conversions inside filtergraphs are disabled. If pix_fmt
    is a single |+|, ffmpeg selects the same pixel format as the input
    (or graph output) and automatic conversions are disabled.

-sws_flags flags (/input/output/)

    Set default flags for the libswscale library. These flags are used
    by automatically inserted |scale| filters and those within simple
    filtergraphs, if not overridden within the filtergraph definition.

    See the
    (ffmpeg-scaler)ffmpeg-scaler manual

    <file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-scaler.html#scaler_005foptions>
    for a list of scaler options.

-rc_override[:stream_specifier] override (/output,per-stream/)

    Rate control override for specific intervals, formatted as
    "int,int,int" list separated with slashes. Two first values are the
    beginning and end frame numbers, last one is quantizer to use if
    positive, or quality factor if negative.

-psnr

    Calculate PSNR of compressed frames. This option is deprecated, pass
    the PSNR flag to the encoder instead, using |-flags +psnr|.

-vstats

    Dump video coding statistics to vstats_HHMMSS.log. See the
    vstats file format

    <#vstats_005ffile_005fformat> section for the format description.

-vstats_file file

    Dump video coding statistics to file. See the
    vstats file format

    <#vstats_005ffile_005fformat> section for the format description.

-vstats_version file

    Specify which version of the vstats format to use. Default is |2|.
    See the
    vstats file format

    <#vstats_005ffile_005fformat> section for the format description.

-vtag fourcc/tag (/output/)

    Force video tag/fourcc. This is an alias for |-tag:v|.

-vbsf bitstream_filter

    Deprecated see -bsf

-force_key_frames[:stream_specifier] time[,time...] (/output,per-stream/)
-force_key_frames[:stream_specifier] expr:expr (/output,per-stream/)
-force_key_frames[:stream_specifier] source (/output,per-stream/)

    force_key_frames can take arguments of the following form:

    time[,time...]

        If the argument consists of timestamps, ffmpeg will round the
        specified times to the nearest output timestamp as per the
        encoder time base and force a keyframe at the first frame having
        timestamp equal or greater than the computed timestamp. Note
        that if the encoder time base is too coarse, then the keyframes
        may be forced on frames with timestamps lower than the specified
        time. The default encoder time base is the inverse of the output
        framerate but may be set otherwise via |-enc_time_base|.

        If one of the times is "|chapters|[delta]", it is expanded into
        the time of the beginning of all chapters in the file, shifted
        by delta, expressed as a time in seconds. This option can be
        useful to ensure that a seek point is present at a chapter mark
        or any other designated place in the output file.

        For example, to insert a key frame at 5 minutes, plus key frames
        0.1 second before the beginning of every chapter:

        -force_key_frames 0:05:00,chapters-0.1

    expr:expr

        If the argument is prefixed with |expr:|, the string expr is
        interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame.
        A key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.

        The expression in expr can contain the following constants:

        n

            the number of current processed frame, starting from 0

        n_forced

            the number of forced frames

        prev_forced_n

            the number of the previous forced frame, it is |NAN| when no
            keyframe was forced yet

        prev_forced_t

            the time of the previous forced frame, it is |NAN| when no
            keyframe was forced yet

        t

            the time of the current processed frame

        For example to force a key frame every 5 seconds, you can specify:

        -force_key_frames expr:gte(t,n_forced*5)

        To force a key frame 5 seconds after the time of the last forced
        one, starting from second 13:

        -force_key_frames expr:if(isnan(prev_forced_t),gte(t,13),gte(t,prev_forced_t+5))

    source

        If the argument is |source|, ffmpeg will force a key frame if
        the current frame being encoded is marked as a key frame in its
        source. In cases where this particular source frame has to be
        dropped, enforce the next available frame to become a key frame
        instead.

    Note that forcing too many keyframes is very harmful for the
    lookahead algorithms of certain encoders: using fixed-GOP options or
    similar would be more efficient.

-copyinkf[:stream_specifier] (/output,per-stream/)

    When doing stream copy, copy also non-key frames found at the
    beginning.

-init_hw_device type[=name][:device[,key=value...]]

    Initialise a new hardware device of type type called name, using the
    given device parameters. If no name is specified it will receive a
    default name of the form "type%d".

    The meaning of device and the following arguments depends on the
    device type:

    cuda

        device is the number of the CUDA device.

        The following options are recognized:

        primary_ctx

            If set to 1, uses the primary device context instead of
            creating a new one.

        Examples:

        /-init_hw_device cuda:1/

            Choose the second device on the system.

        /-init_hw_device cuda:0,primary_ctx=1/

            Choose the first device and use the primary device context.

    dxva2

        device is the number of the Direct3D 9 display adapter.

    d3d11va

        device is the number of the Direct3D 11 display adapter.

    vaapi

        device is either an X11 display name, a DRM render node or a
        DirectX adapter index. If not specified, it will attempt to open
        the default X11 display (/$DISPLAY/) and then the first DRM
        render node (//dev/dri/renderD128/), or the default DirectX
        adapter on Windows.

    vdpau

        device is an X11 display name. If not specified, it will attempt
        to open the default X11 display (/$DISPLAY/).

    qsv

        device selects a value in ‘MFX_IMPL_*’. Allowed values are:

        auto
        sw
        hw
        auto_any
        hw_any
        hw2
        hw3
        hw4

        If not specified, ‘auto_any’ is used. (Note that it may be
        easier to achieve the desired result for QSV by creating the
        platform-appropriate subdevice (‘dxva2’ or ‘d3d11va’ or ‘vaapi’)
        and then deriving a QSV device from that.)

        Alternatively, ‘child_device_type’ helps to choose
        platform-appropriate subdevice type. On Windows ‘d3d11va’ is
        used as default subdevice type.

        Examples:

        /-init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device_type=d3d11va/

            Choose the GPU subdevice with type ‘d3d11va’ and create QSV
            device with ‘MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE’.

        /-init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device_type=dxva2/

            Choose the GPU subdevice with type ‘dxva2’ and create QSV
            device with ‘MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE’.

    opencl

        device selects the platform and device as
        /platform_index.device_index/.

        The set of devices can also be filtered using the key-value
        pairs to find only devices matching particular platform or
        device strings.

        The strings usable as filters are:

        platform_profile
        platform_version
        platform_name
        platform_vendor
        platform_extensions
        device_name
        device_vendor
        driver_version
        device_version
        device_profile
        device_extensions
        device_type

        The indices and filters must together uniquely select a device.

        Examples:

        /-init_hw_device opencl:0.1/

            Choose the second device on the first platform.

        /-init_hw_device opencl:,device_name=Foo9000/

            Choose the device with a name containing the string /Foo9000/.

        /-init_hw_device
        opencl:1,device_type=gpu,device_extensions=cl_khr_fp16/

            Choose the GPU device on the second platform supporting the
            /cl_khr_fp16/ extension.

    vulkan

        If device is an integer, it selects the device by its index in a
        system-dependent list of devices. If device is any other string,
        it selects the first device with a name containing that string
        as a substring.

        The following options are recognized:

        debug

            If set to 1, enables the validation layer, if installed.

        linear_images

            If set to 1, images allocated by the hwcontext will be
            linear and locally mappable.

        instance_extensions

            A plus separated list of additional instance extensions to
            enable.

        device_extensions

            A plus separated list of additional device extensions to
            enable.

        Examples:

        /-init_hw_device vulkan:1/

            Choose the second device on the system.

        /-init_hw_device vulkan:RADV/

            Choose the first device with a name containing the string
            /RADV/.

        /-init_hw_device
        vulkan:0,instance_extensions=VK_KHR_wayland_surface+VK_KHR_xcb_surface/

            Choose the first device and enable the Wayland and XCB
            instance extensions.

-init_hw_device type[=name]@source

    Initialise a new hardware device of type type called name, deriving
    it from the existing device with the name source.

-init_hw_device list

    List all hardware device types supported in this build of ffmpeg.

-filter_hw_device name

    Pass the hardware device called name to all filters in any filter
    graph. This can be used to set the device to upload to with the
    |hwupload| filter, or the device to map to with the |hwmap| filter.
    Other filters may also make use of this parameter when they require
    a hardware device. Note that this is typically only required when
    the input is not already in hardware frames - when it is, filters
    will derive the device they require from the context of the frames
    they receive as input.

    This is a global setting, so all filters will receive the same device.

-hwaccel[:stream_specifier] hwaccel (/input,per-stream/)

    Use hardware acceleration to decode the matching stream(s). The
    allowed values of hwaccel are:

    none

        Do not use any hardware acceleration (the default).

    auto

        Automatically select the hardware acceleration method.

    vdpau

        Use VDPAU (Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix) hardware
        acceleration.

    dxva2

        Use DXVA2 (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.

    d3d11va

        Use D3D11VA (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.

    vaapi

        Use VAAPI (Video Acceleration API) hardware acceleration.

    qsv

        Use the Intel QuickSync Video acceleration for video transcoding.

        Unlike most other values, this option does not enable
        accelerated decoding (that is used automatically whenever a qsv
        decoder is selected), but accelerated transcoding, without
        copying the frames into the system memory.

        For it to work, both the decoder and the encoder must support
        QSV acceleration and no filters must be used.

    This option has no effect if the selected hwaccel is not available
    or not supported by the chosen decoder.

    Note that most acceleration methods are intended for playback and
    will not be faster than software decoding on modern CPUs.
    Additionally, |ffmpeg| will usually need to copy the decoded frames
    from the GPU memory into the system memory, resulting in further
    performance loss. This option is thus mainly useful for testing.

-hwaccel_device[:stream_specifier] hwaccel_device (/input,per-stream/)

    Select a device to use for hardware acceleration.

    This option only makes sense when the -hwaccel option is also
    specified. It can either refer to an existing device created with
    -init_hw_device by name, or it can create a new device as if
    ‘-init_hw_device’ type:hwaccel_device were called immediately before.

-hwaccels

    List all hardware acceleration components enabled in this build of
    ffmpeg. Actual runtime availability depends on the hardware and its
    suitable driver being installed.

-fix_sub_duration_heartbeat[:stream_specifier]

    Set a specific output video stream as the heartbeat stream according
    to which to split and push through currently in-progress subtitle
    upon receipt of a random access packet.

    This lowers the latency of subtitles for which the end packet or the
    following subtitle has not yet been received. As a drawback, this
    will most likely lead to duplication of subtitle events in order to
    cover the full duration, so when dealing with use cases where
    latency of when the subtitle event is passed on to output is not
    relevant this option should not be utilized.

    Requires -fix_sub_duration to be set for the relevant input subtitle
    stream for this to have any effect, as well as for the input
    subtitle stream having to be directly mapped to the same output in
    which the heartbeat stream resides.


      5.7 Audio Options

-aframes number (/output/)

    Set the number of audio frames to output. This is an obsolete alias
    for |-frames:a|, which you should use instead.

-ar[:stream_specifier] freq (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Set the audio sampling frequency. For output streams it is set by
    default to the frequency of the corresponding input stream. For
    input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing
    devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer
    options.

-aq q (/output/)

    Set the audio quality (codec-specific, VBR). This is an alias for -q:a.

-ac[:stream_specifier] channels (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Set the number of audio channels. For output streams it is set by
    default to the number of input audio channels. For input streams
    this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw
    demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.

-an (/input/output/)

    As an input option, blocks all audio streams of a file from being
    filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output.
    See |-discard| option to disable streams individually.

    As an output option, disables audio recording i.e. automatic
    selection or mapping of any audio stream. For full manual control
    see the |-map| option.

-acodec codec (/input/output/)

    Set the audio codec. This is an alias for |-codec:a|.

-sample_fmt[:stream_specifier] sample_fmt (/output,per-stream/)

    Set the audio sample format. Use |-sample_fmts| to get a list of
    supported sample formats.

-af filtergraph (/output/)

    Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter
    the stream.

    This is an alias for |-filter:a|, see the
    -filter option

    <#filter_005foption>.


      5.8 Advanced Audio options

-atag fourcc/tag (/output/)

    Force audio tag/fourcc. This is an alias for |-tag:a|.

-absf bitstream_filter

    Deprecated, see -bsf

-guess_layout_max channels (/input,per-stream/)

    If some input channel layout is not known, try to guess only if it
    corresponds to at most the specified number of channels. For
    example, 2 tells to |ffmpeg| to recognize 1 channel as mono and 2
    channels as stereo but not 6 channels as 5.1. The default is to
    always try to guess. Use 0 to disable all guessing.


      5.9 Subtitle options

-scodec codec (/input/output/)

    Set the subtitle codec. This is an alias for |-codec:s|.

-sn (/input/output/)

    As an input option, blocks all subtitle streams of a file from being
    filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output.
    See |-discard| option to disable streams individually.

    As an output option, disables subtitle recording i.e. automatic
    selection or mapping of any subtitle stream. For full manual control
    see the |-map| option.

-sbsf bitstream_filter

    Deprecated, see -bsf


      5.10 Advanced Subtitle options

-fix_sub_duration

    Fix subtitles durations. For each subtitle, wait for the next packet
    in the same stream and adjust the duration of the first to avoid
    overlap. This is necessary with some subtitles codecs, especially
    DVB subtitles, because the duration in the original packet is only a
    rough estimate and the end is actually marked by an empty subtitle
    frame. Failing to use this option when necessary can result in
    exaggerated durations or muxing failures due to non-monotonic
    timestamps.

    Note that this option will delay the output of all data until the
    next subtitle packet is decoded: it may increase memory consumption
    and latency a lot.

-canvas_size size

    Set the size of the canvas used to render subtitles.


      5.11 Advanced options

-map [-]input_file_id[:stream_specifier][?] | [linklabel] (/output/)

    Create one or more streams in the output file. This option has two
    forms for specifying the data source(s): the first selects one or
    more streams from some input file (specified with |-i|), the second
    takes an output from some complex filtergraph (specified with
    |-filter_complex| or |-filter_complex_script|).

    In the first form, an output stream is created for every stream from
    the input file with the index input_file_id. If stream_specifier is
    given, only those streams that match the specifier are used (see the
    Stream specifiers

    <#Stream-specifiers> section for the stream_specifier syntax).

    A |-| character before the stream identifier creates a "negative"
    mapping. It disables matching streams from already created mappings.

    A trailing |?| after the stream index will allow the map to be
    optional: if the map matches no streams the map will be ignored
    instead of failing. Note the map will still fail if an invalid input
    file index is used; such as if the map refers to a non-existent input.

    An alternative [linklabel] form will map outputs from complex filter
    graphs (see the -filter_complex option) to the output file.
    linklabel must correspond to a defined output link label in the graph.

    This option may be specified multiple times, each adding more
    streams to the output file. Any given input stream may also be
    mapped any number of times as a source for different output streams,
    e.g. in order to use different encoding options and/or filters. The
    streams are created in the output in the same order in which the
    |-map| options are given on the commandline.

    Using this option disables the default mappings for this output file.

    Examples:

    /map everything/

        To map ALL streams from the first input file to output

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 output

    /select specific stream/

        If you have two audio streams in the first input file, these
        streams are identified by 0:0 and 0:1. You can use |-map| to
        select which streams to place in an output file. For example:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:1 out.wav

        will map the second input stream in INPUT to the (single) output
        stream in out.wav.

    /create multiple streams/

        To select the stream with index 2 from input file a.mov
        (specified by the identifier 0:2), and stream with index 6 from
        input b.mov (specified by the identifier 1:6), and copy them to
        the output file out.mov:

        ffmpeg -i a.mov -i b.mov -c copy -map 0:2 -map 1:6 out.mov

    /create multiple streams 2/

        To select all video and the third audio stream from an input file:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a:2 OUTPUT

    /negative map/

        To map all the streams except the second audio, use negative
        mappings

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -map -0:a:1 OUTPUT

    /optional map/

        To map the video and audio streams from the first input, and
        using the trailing |?|, ignore the audio mapping if no audio
        streams exist in the first input:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a? OUTPUT

    /map by language/

        To pick the English audio stream:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:m:language:eng OUTPUT

-ignore_unknown

    Ignore input streams with unknown type instead of failing if copying
    such streams is attempted.

-copy_unknown

    Allow input streams with unknown type to be copied instead of
    failing if copying such streams is attempted.

-map_channel
[input_file_id.stream_specifier.channel_id|-1][?][:output_file_id.stream_specifier]

    This option is deprecated and will be removed. It can be replaced by
    the pan filter. In some cases it may be easier to use some
    combination of the channelsplit, channelmap, or amerge filters.

    Map an audio channel from a given input to an output. If
    output_file_id.stream_specifier is not set, the audio channel will
    be mapped on all the audio streams.

    Using "-1" instead of input_file_id.stream_specifier.channel_id will
    map a muted channel.

    A trailing |?| will allow the map_channel to be optional: if the
    map_channel matches no channel the map_channel will be ignored
    instead of failing.

    For example, assuming INPUT is a stereo audio file, you can switch
    the two audio channels with the following command:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.1 -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT

    If you want to mute the first channel and keep the second:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel -1 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT

    The order of the "-map_channel" option specifies the order of the
    channels in the output stream. The output channel layout is guessed
    from the number of channels mapped (mono if one "-map_channel",
    stereo if two, etc.). Using "-ac" in combination of "-map_channel"
    makes the channel gain levels to be updated if input and output
    channel layouts don’t match (for instance two "-map_channel" options
    and "-ac 6").

    You can also extract each channel of an input to specific outputs;
    the following command extracts two channels of the INPUT audio
    stream (file 0, stream 0) to the respective OUTPUT_CH0 and
    OUTPUT_CH1 outputs:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT_CH0 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT_CH1

    The following example splits the channels of a stereo input into two
    separate streams, which are put into the same output file:

    ffmpeg -i stereo.wav -map 0:0 -map 0:0 -map_channel 0.0.0:0.0 -map_channel 0.0.1:0.1 -y out.ogg

    Note that currently each output stream can only contain channels
    from a single input stream; you can’t for example use "-map_channel"
    to pick multiple input audio channels contained in different streams
    (from the same or different files) and merge them into a single
    output stream. It is therefore not currently possible, for example,
    to turn two separate mono streams into a single stereo stream.
    However splitting a stereo stream into two single channel mono
    streams is possible.

    If you need this feature, a possible workaround is to use the
    /amerge/ filter. For example, if you need to merge a media (here
    input.mkv) with 2 mono audio streams into one single stereo channel
    audio stream (and keep the video stream), you can use the following
    command:

    ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1] [0:2] amerge" -c:a pcm_s16le -c:v copy output.mkv

    To map the first two audio channels from the first input, and using
    the trailing |?|, ignore the audio channel mapping if the first
    input is mono instead of stereo:

    ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.0 -map_channel 0.0.1? OUTPUT

-map_metadata[:metadata_spec_out] infile[:metadata_spec_in]
(/output,per-metadata/)

    Set metadata information of the next output file from infile. Note
    that those are file indices (zero-based), not filenames. Optional
    metadata_spec_in/out parameters specify, which metadata to copy. A
    metadata specifier can have the following forms:

    g

        global metadata, i.e. metadata that applies to the whole file

    s[:stream_spec]

        per-stream metadata. stream_spec is a stream specifier as
        described in the
        Stream specifiers

        <#Stream-specifiers> chapter. In an input metadata specifier,
        the first matching stream is copied from. In an output metadata
        specifier, all matching streams are copied to.

    c:chapter_index

        per-chapter metadata. chapter_index is the zero-based chapter
        index.

    p:program_index

        per-program metadata. program_index is the zero-based program
        index.

    If metadata specifier is omitted, it defaults to global.

    By default, global metadata is copied from the first input file,
    per-stream and per-chapter metadata is copied along with
    streams/chapters. These default mappings are disabled by creating
    any mapping of the relevant type. A negative file index can be used
    to create a dummy mapping that just disables automatic copying.

    For example to copy metadata from the first stream of the input file
    to global metadata of the output file:

    ffmpeg -i in.ogg -map_metadata 0:s:0 out.mp3

    To do the reverse, i.e. copy global metadata to all audio streams:

    ffmpeg -i in.mkv -map_metadata:s:a 0:g out.mkv

    Note that simple |0| would work as well in this example, since
    global metadata is assumed by default.

-map_chapters input_file_index (/output/)

    Copy chapters from input file with index input_file_index to the
    next output file. If no chapter mapping is specified, then chapters
    are copied from the first input file with at least one chapter. Use
    a negative file index to disable any chapter copying.

-benchmark (/global/)

    Show benchmarking information at the end of an encode. Shows real,
    system and user time used and maximum memory consumption. Maximum
    memory consumption is not supported on all systems, it will usually
    display as 0 if not supported.

-benchmark_all (/global/)

    Show benchmarking information during the encode. Shows real, system
    and user time used in various steps (audio/video encode/decode).

-timelimit duration (/global/)

    Exit after ffmpeg has been running for duration seconds in CPU user
    time.

-dump (/global/)

    Dump each input packet to stderr.

-hex (/global/)

    When dumping packets, also dump the payload.

-readrate speed (/input/)

    Limit input read speed.

    Its value is a floating-point positive number which represents the
    maximum duration of media, in seconds, that should be ingested in
    one second of wallclock time. Default value is zero and represents
    no imposed limitation on speed of ingestion. Value |1| represents
    real-time speed and is equivalent to |-re|.

    Mainly used to simulate a capture device or live input stream (e.g.
    when reading from a file). Should not be used with a low value when
    input is an actual capture device or live stream as it may cause
    packet loss.

    It is useful for when flow speed of output packets is important,
    such as live streaming.

-re (/input/)

    Read input at native frame rate. This is equivalent to setting
    |-readrate 1|.

-readrate_initial_burst seconds

    Set an initial read burst time, in seconds, after which
    -re/-readrate will be enforced.

-vsync parameter (/global/)
-fps_mode[:stream_specifier] parameter (/output,per-stream/)

    Set video sync method / framerate mode. vsync is applied to all
    output video streams but can be overridden for a stream by setting
    fps_mode. vsync is deprecated and will be removed in the future.

    For compatibility reasons some of the values for vsync can be
    specified as numbers (shown in parentheses in the following table).

    passthrough (0)

        Each frame is passed with its timestamp from the demuxer to the
        muxer.

    cfr (1)

        Frames will be duplicated and dropped to achieve exactly the
        requested constant frame rate.

    vfr (2)

        Frames are passed through with their timestamp or dropped so as
        to prevent 2 frames from having the same timestamp.

    drop

        As passthrough but destroys all timestamps, making the muxer
        generate fresh timestamps based on frame-rate.

    auto (-1)

        Chooses between cfr and vfr depending on muxer capabilities.
        This is the default method.

    Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after
    this. For example, in the case that the format option
    avoid_negative_ts is enabled.

    With -map you can select from which stream the timestamps should be
    taken. You can leave either video or audio unchanged and sync the
    remaining stream(s) to the unchanged one.

-frame_drop_threshold parameter

    Frame drop threshold, which specifies how much behind video frames
    can be before they are dropped. In frame rate units, so 1.0 is one
    frame. The default is -1.1. One possible usecase is to avoid
    framedrops in case of noisy timestamps or to increase frame drop
    precision in case of exact timestamps.

-apad parameters (/output,per-stream/)

    Pad the output audio stream(s). This is the same as applying |-af
    apad|. Argument is a string of filter parameters composed the same
    as with the |apad| filter. |-shortest| must be set for this output
    for the option to take effect.

-copyts

    Do not process input timestamps, but keep their values without
    trying to sanitize them. In particular, do not remove the initial
    start time offset value.

    Note that, depending on the vsync option or on specific muxer
    processing (e.g. in case the format option avoid_negative_ts is
    enabled) the output timestamps may mismatch with the input
    timestamps even when this option is selected.

-start_at_zero

    When used with copyts, shift input timestamps so they start at zero.

    This means that using e.g. |-ss 50| will make output timestamps
    start at 50 seconds, regardless of what timestamp the input file
    started at.

-copytb mode

    Specify how to set the encoder timebase when stream copying. mode is
    an integer numeric value, and can assume one of the following values:

    1

        Use the demuxer timebase.

        The time base is copied to the output encoder from the
        corresponding input demuxer. This is sometimes required to avoid
        non monotonically increasing timestamps when copying video
        streams with variable frame rate.

    0

        Use the decoder timebase.

        The time base is copied to the output encoder from the
        corresponding input decoder.

    -1

        Try to make the choice automatically, in order to generate a
        sane output.

    Default value is -1.

-enc_time_base[:stream_specifier] timebase (/output,per-stream/)

    Set the encoder timebase. timebase can assume one of the following
    values:

    0

        Assign a default value according to the media type.

        For video - use 1/framerate, for audio - use 1/samplerate.

    demux

        Use the timebase from the demuxer.

    filter

        Use the timebase from the filtergraph.

    a positive number

        Use the provided number as the timebase.

        This field can be provided as a ratio of two integers (e.g.
        1:24, 1:48000) or as a decimal number (e.g. 0.04166, 2.0833e-5)

    Default value is 0.

-bitexact (/input/output/)

    Enable bitexact mode for (de)muxer and (de/en)coder

-shortest (/output/)

    Finish encoding when the shortest output stream ends.

    Note that this option may require buffering frames, which introduces
    extra latency. The maximum amount of this latency may be controlled
    with the |-shortest_buf_duration| option.

-shortest_buf_duration duration (/output/)

    The |-shortest| option may require buffering potentially large
    amounts of data when at least one of the streams is "sparse" (i.e.
    has large gaps between frames – this is typically the case for
    subtitles).

    This option controls the maximum duration of buffered frames in
    seconds. Larger values may allow the |-shortest| option to produce
    more accurate results, but increase memory use and latency.

    The default value is 10 seconds.

-dts_delta_threshold threshold

    Timestamp discontinuity delta threshold, expressed as a decimal
    number of seconds.

    The timestamp discontinuity correction enabled by this option is
    only applied to input formats accepting timestamp discontinuity (for
    which the |AV_FMT_DISCONT| flag is enabled), e.g. MPEG-TS and HLS,
    and is automatically disabled when employing the |-copy_ts| option
    (unless wrapping is detected).

    If a timestamp discontinuity is detected whose absolute value is
    greater than threshold, ffmpeg will remove the discontinuity by
    decreasing/increasing the current DTS and PTS by the corresponding
    delta value.

    The default value is 10.

-dts_error_threshold threshold

    Timestamp error delta threshold, expressed as a decimal number of
    seconds.

    The timestamp correction enabled by this option is only applied to
    input formats not accepting timestamp discontinuity (for which the
    |AV_FMT_DISCONT| flag is not enabled).

    If a timestamp discontinuity is detected whose absolute value is
    greater than threshold, ffmpeg will drop the PTS/DTS timestamp value.

    The default value is |3600*30| (30 hours), which is arbitrarily
    picked and quite conservative.

-muxdelay seconds (/output/)

    Set the maximum demux-decode delay.

-muxpreload seconds (/output/)

    Set the initial demux-decode delay.

-streamid output-stream-index:new-value (/output/)

    Assign a new stream-id value to an output stream. This option should
    be specified prior to the output filename to which it applies. For
    the situation where multiple output files exist, a streamid may be
    reassigned to a different value.

    For example, to set the stream 0 PID to 33 and the stream 1 PID to
    36 for an output mpegts file:

    ffmpeg -i inurl -streamid 0:33 -streamid 1:36 out.ts

-bsf[:stream_specifier] bitstream_filters (/output,per-stream/)

    Set bitstream filters for matching streams. bitstream_filters is a
    comma-separated list of bitstream filters. Use the |-bsfs| option to
    get the list of bitstream filters.

    ffmpeg -i h264.mp4 -c:v copy -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb -an out.h264

    ffmpeg -i file.mov -an -vn -bsf:s mov2textsub -c:s copy -f rawvideo sub.txt

-tag[:stream_specifier] codec_tag (/input/output,per-stream/)

    Force a tag/fourcc for matching streams.

-timecode hh:mm:ssSEPff

    Specify Timecode for writing. SEP is ’:’ for non drop timecode and
    ’;’ (or ’.’) for drop.

    ffmpeg -i input.mpg -timecode 01:02:03.04 -r 30000/1001 -s ntsc output.mpg

-filter_complex filtergraph (/global/)

    Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of
    inputs and/or outputs. For simple graphs – those with one input and
    one output of the same type – see the -filter options. filtergraph
    is a description of the filtergraph, as described in the
    “Filtergraph syntax” section of the ffmpeg-filters manual.

    Input link labels must refer to input streams using the
    |[file_index:stream_specifier]| syntax (i.e. the same as -map uses).
    If stream_specifier matches multiple streams, the first one will be
    used. An unlabeled input will be connected to the first unused input
    stream of the matching type.

    Output link labels are referred to with -map. Unlabeled outputs are
    added to the first output file.

    Note that with this option it is possible to use only lavfi sources
    without normal input files.

    For example, to overlay an image over video

    ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex '[0:v][1:v]overlay[out]' -map
    '[out]' out.mkv

    Here |[0:v]| refers to the first video stream in the first input
    file, which is linked to the first (main) input of the overlay
    filter. Similarly the first video stream in the second input is
    linked to the second (overlay) input of overlay.

    Assuming there is only one video stream in each input file, we can
    omit input labels, so the above is equivalent to

    ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay[out]' -map
    '[out]' out.mkv

    Furthermore we can omit the output label and the single output from
    the filter graph will be added to the output file automatically, so
    we can simply write

    ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay' out.mkv

    As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as
    input: it will be converted into a video with the same size as the
    largest video in the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note
    that this is an experimental and temporary solution. It will be
    removed once libavfilter has proper support for subtitles.

    For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording
    stored in MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:

    ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
      '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
      -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv

    (0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the
    video, audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have
    worked too)

    To generate 5 seconds of pure red video using lavfi |color| source:

    ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=c=red' -t 5 out.mkv

-filter_complex_threads nb_threads (/global/)

    Defines how many threads are used to process a filter_complex graph.
    Similar to filter_threads but used for |-filter_complex| graphs
    only. The default is the number of available CPUs.

-lavfi filtergraph (/global/)

    Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of
    inputs and/or outputs. Equivalent to -filter_complex.

-filter_complex_script filename (/global/)

    This option is similar to -filter_complex, the only difference is
    that its argument is the name of the file from which a complex
    filtergraph description is to be read.

-accurate_seek (/input/)

    This option enables or disables accurate seeking in input files with
    the -ss option. It is enabled by default, so seeking is accurate
    when transcoding. Use -noaccurate_seek to disable it, which may be
    useful e.g. when copying some streams and transcoding the others.

-seek_timestamp (/input/)

    This option enables or disables seeking by timestamp in input files
    with the -ss option. It is disabled by default. If enabled, the
    argument to the -ss option is considered an actual timestamp, and is
    not offset by the start time of the file. This matters only for
    files which do not start from timestamp 0, such as transport streams.

-thread_queue_size size (/input/output/)

    For input, this option sets the maximum number of queued packets
    when reading from the file or device. With low latency / high rate
    live streams, packets may be discarded if they are not read in a
    timely manner; setting this value can force ffmpeg to use a separate
    input thread and read packets as soon as they arrive. By default
    ffmpeg only does this if multiple inputs are specified.

    For output, this option specified the maximum number of packets that
    may be queued to each muxing thread.

-sdp_file file (/global/)

    Print sdp information for an output stream to file. This allows
    dumping sdp information when at least one output isn’t an rtp
    stream. (Requires at least one of the output formats to be rtp).

-discard (/input/)

    Allows discarding specific streams or frames from streams. Any input
    stream can be fully discarded, using value |all| whereas selective
    discarding of frames from a stream occurs at the demuxer and is not
    supported by all demuxers.

    none

        Discard no frame.

    default

        Default, which discards no frames.

    noref

        Discard all non-reference frames.

    bidir

        Discard all bidirectional frames.

    nokey

        Discard all frames excepts keyframes.

    all

        Discard all frames.

-abort_on flags (/global/)

    Stop and abort on various conditions. The following flags are
    available:

    empty_output

        No packets were passed to the muxer, the output is empty.

    empty_output_stream

        No packets were passed to the muxer in some of the output streams.

-max_error_rate (/global/)

    Set fraction of decoding frame failures across all inputs which when
    crossed ffmpeg will return exit code 69. Crossing this threshold
    does not terminate processing. Range is a floating-point number
    between 0 to 1. Default is 2/3.

-xerror (/global/)

    Stop and exit on error

-max_muxing_queue_size packets (/output,per-stream/)

    When transcoding audio and/or video streams, ffmpeg will not begin
    writing into the output until it has one packet for each such
    stream. While waiting for that to happen, packets for other streams
    are buffered. This option sets the size of this buffer, in packets,
    for the matching output stream.

    The default value of this option should be high enough for most
    uses, so only touch this option if you are sure that you need it.

-muxing_queue_data_threshold bytes (/output,per-stream/)

    This is a minimum threshold until which the muxing queue size is not
    taken into account. Defaults to 50 megabytes per stream, and is
    based on the overall size of packets passed to the muxer.

-auto_conversion_filters (/global/)

    Enable automatically inserting format conversion filters in all
    filter graphs, including those defined by -vf, -af, -filter_complex
    and -lavfi. If filter format negotiation requires a conversion, the
    initialization of the filters will fail. Conversions can still be
    performed by inserting the relevant conversion filter (scale,
    aresample) in the graph. On by default, to explicitly disable it you
    need to specify |-noauto_conversion_filters|.

-bits_per_raw_sample[:stream_specifier] value (/output,per-stream/)

    Declare the number of bits per raw sample in the given output stream
    to be value. Note that this option sets the information provided to
    the encoder/muxer, it does not change the stream to conform to this
    value. Setting values that do not match the stream properties may
    result in encoding failures or invalid output files.

-stats_enc_pre[:stream_specifier] path (/output,per-stream/)
-stats_enc_post[:stream_specifier] path (/output,per-stream/)
-stats_mux_pre[:stream_specifier] path (/output,per-stream/)

    Write per-frame encoding information about the matching streams into
    the file given by path.

    -stats_enc_pre writes information about raw video or audio frames
    right before they are sent for encoding, while -stats_enc_post
    writes information about encoded packets as they are received from
    the encoder. -stats_mux_pre writes information about packets just as
    they are about to be sent to the muxer. Every frame or packet
    produces one line in the specified file. The format of this line is
    controlled by -stats_enc_pre_fmt / -stats_enc_post_fmt /
    -stats_mux_pre_fmt.

    When stats for multiple streams are written into a single file, the
    lines corresponding to different streams will be interleaved. The
    precise order of this interleaving is not specified and not
    guaranteed to remain stable between different invocations of the
    program, even with the same options.

-stats_enc_pre_fmt[:stream_specifier] format_spec (/output,per-stream/)
-stats_enc_post_fmt[:stream_specifier] format_spec (/output,per-stream/)
-stats_mux_pre_fmt[:stream_specifier] format_spec (/output,per-stream/)

    Specify the format for the lines written with -stats_enc_pre /
    -stats_enc_post / -stats_mux_pre.

    format_spec is a string that may contain directives of the form
    {fmt}. format_spec is backslash-escaped — use \{, \}, and \\ to
    write a literal {, }, or \, respectively, into the output.

    The directives given with fmt may be one of the following:

    fidx

        Index of the output file.

    sidx

        Index of the output stream in the file.

    n

        Frame number. Pre-encoding: number of frames sent to the encoder
        so far. Post-encoding: number of packets received from the
        encoder so far. Muxing: number of packets submitted to the muxer
        for this stream so far.

    ni

        Input frame number. Index of the input frame (i.e. output by a
        decoder) that corresponds to this output frame or packet. -1 if
        unavailable.

    tb

        Timebase in which this frame/packet’s timestamps are expressed,
        as a rational number num/den. Note that encoder and muxer may
        use different timebases.

    tbi

        Timebase for ptsi, as a rational number num/den. Available when
        ptsi is available, 0/1 otherwise.

    pts

        Presentation timestamp of the frame or packet, as an integer.
        Should be multiplied by the timebase to compute presentation time.

    ptsi

        Presentation timestamp of the input frame (see ni), as an
        integer. Should be multiplied by tbi to compute presentation
        time. Printed as (2^63 - 1 = 9223372036854775807) when not
        available.

    t

        Presentation time of the frame or packet, as a decimal number.
        Equal to pts multiplied by tb.

    ti

        Presentation time of the input frame (see ni), as a decimal
        number. Equal to ptsi multiplied by tbi. Printed as inf when not
        available.

    dts (/packet/)

        Decoding timestamp of the packet, as an integer. Should be
        multiplied by the timebase to compute presentation time.

    dt (/packet/)

        Decoding time of the frame or packet, as a decimal number. Equal
        to dts multiplied by tb.

    sn (/frame,audio/)

        Number of audio samples sent to the encoder so far.

    samp (/frame,audio/)

        Number of audio samples in the frame.

    size (/packet/)

        Size of the encoded packet in bytes.

    br (/packet/)

        Current bitrate in bits per second. Post-encoding only.

    abr (/packet/)

        Average bitrate for the whole stream so far, in bits per second,
        -1 if it cannot be determined at this point. Post-encoding only.

    Directives tagged with /packet/ may only be used with
    -stats_enc_post_fmt and -stats_mux_pre_fmt.

    Directives tagged with /frame/ may only be used with
    -stats_enc_pre_fmt.

    Directives tagged with /audio/ may only be used with audio streams.

    The default format strings are:

    pre-encoding

        {fidx} {sidx} {n} {t}

    post-encoding

        {fidx} {sidx} {n} {t}

    In the future, new items may be added to the end of the default
    formatting strings. Users who depend on the format staying exactly
    the same, should prescribe it manually.

    Note that stats for different streams written into the same file may
    have different formats.


      5.12 Preset files

A preset file contains a sequence of option=value pairs, one for each
line, specifying a sequence of options which would be awkward to specify
on the command line. Lines starting with the hash (’#’) character are
ignored and are used to provide comments. Check the presets directory in
the FFmpeg source tree for examples.

There are two types of preset files: ffpreset and avpreset files.

  *
    ffpreset files

    <#ffpreset-files>
  *
    avpreset files

    <#avpreset-files>


        5.12.1 ffpreset files

ffpreset files are specified with the |vpre|, |apre|, |spre|, and |fpre|
options. The |fpre| option takes the filename of the preset instead of a
preset name as input and can be used for any kind of codec. For the
|vpre|, |apre|, and |spre| options, the options specified in a preset
file are applied to the currently selected codec of the same type as the
preset option.

The argument passed to the |vpre|, |apre|, and |spre| preset options
identifies the preset file to use according to the following rules:

First ffmpeg searches for a file named arg.ffpreset in the directories
$FFMPEG_DATADIR (if set), and $HOME/.ffmpeg, and in the datadir defined
at configuration time (usually PREFIX/share/ffmpeg) or in a ffpresets
folder along the executable on win32, in that order. For example, if the
argument is |libvpx-1080p|, it will search for the file
libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named
codec_name-arg.ffpreset in the above-mentioned directories, where
codec_name is the name of the codec to which the preset file options
will be applied. For example, if you select the video codec with
|-vcodec libvpx| and use |-vpre 1080p|, then it will search for the file
libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.


        5.12.2 avpreset files

avpreset files are specified with the |pre| option. They work similar to
ffpreset files, but they only allow encoder- specific options.
Therefore, an option=value pair specifying an encoder cannot be used.

When the |pre| option is specified, ffmpeg will look for files with the
suffix .avpreset in the directories $AVCONV_DATADIR (if set), and
$HOME/.avconv, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually
PREFIX/share/ffmpeg), in that order.

First ffmpeg searches for a file named codec_name-arg.avpreset in the
above-mentioned directories, where codec_name is the name of the codec
to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you
select the video codec with |-vcodec libvpx| and use |-pre 1080p|, then
it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.avpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named
arg.avpreset in the same directories.


      5.13 vstats file format

The |-vstats| and |-vstats_file| options enable generation of a file
containing statistics about the generated video outputs.

The |-vstats_version| option controls the format version of the
generated file.

With version |1| the format is:

frame= FRAME q= FRAME_QUALITY PSNR= PSNR f_size= FRAME_SIZE s_size= STREAM_SIZEkB time= TIMESTAMP br= BITRATEkbits/s avg_br= AVERAGE_BITRATEkbits/s

With version |2| the format is:

out= OUT_FILE_INDEX st= OUT_FILE_STREAM_INDEX frame= FRAME_NUMBER q= FRAME_QUALITYf PSNR= PSNR f_size= FRAME_SIZE s_size= STREAM_SIZEkB time= TIMESTAMP br= BITRATEkbits/s avg_br= AVERAGE_BITRATEkbits/s

The value corresponding to each key is described below:

avg_br

    average bitrate expressed in Kbits/s

br

    bitrate expressed in Kbits/s

frame

    number of encoded frame

out

    out file index

PSNR

    Peak Signal to Noise Ratio

q

    quality of the frame

f_size

    encoded packet size expressed as number of bytes

s_size

    stream size expressed in KiB

st

    out file stream index

time

    time of the packet

type

    picture type

See also the
-stats_enc options

<#stats_005fenc_005foptions> for an alternative way to show encoding
statistics.


    6 Examples

  *
    Video and Audio grabbing

    <#Video-and-Audio-grabbing>
  *
    X11 grabbing

    <#X11-grabbing>
  *
    Video and Audio file format conversion

    <#Video-and-Audio-file-format-conversion>


      6.1 Video and Audio grabbing

If you specify the input format and device then ffmpeg can grab video
and audio directly.

ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Or with an ALSA audio source (mono input, card id 1) instead of OSS:

ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 1 -i hw:1 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Note that you must activate the right video source and channel before
launching ffmpeg with any TV viewer such as
xawtv

<http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/> by Gerd Knorr. You also have to set
the audio recording levels correctly with a standard mixer.


      6.2 X11 grabbing

Grab the X11 display with ffmpeg via

ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY
environment variable.

ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0+10,20 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY
environment variable. 10 is the x-offset and 20 the y-offset for the
grabbing.


      6.3 Video and Audio file format conversion

Any supported file format and protocol can serve as input to ffmpeg:

Examples:

  * You can use YUV files as input:

    ffmpeg -i /tmp/test%d.Y /tmp/out.mpg

    It will use the files:

    /tmp/test0.Y, /tmp/test0.U, /tmp/test0.V,
    /tmp/test1.Y, /tmp/test1.U, /tmp/test1.V, etc...

    The Y files use twice the resolution of the U and V files. They are
    raw files, without header. They can be generated by all decent video
    decoders. You must specify the size of the image with the -s option
    if ffmpeg cannot guess it.

  * You can input from a raw YUV420P file:

    ffmpeg -i /tmp/test.yuv /tmp/out.avi

    test.yuv is a file containing raw YUV planar data. Each frame is
    composed of the Y plane followed by the U and V planes at half
    vertical and horizontal resolution.

  * You can output to a raw YUV420P file:

    ffmpeg -i mydivx.avi hugefile.yuv

  * You can set several input files and output files:

    ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -s 640x480 -i /tmp/a.yuv /tmp/a.mpg

    Converts the audio file a.wav and the raw YUV video file a.yuv to
    MPEG file a.mpg.

  * You can also do audio and video conversions at the same time:

    ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -ar 22050 /tmp/a.mp2

    Converts a.wav to MPEG audio at 22050 Hz sample rate.

  * You can encode to several formats at the same time and define a
    mapping from input stream to output streams:

    ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -map 0:a -b:a 64k /tmp/a.mp2 -map 0:a -b:a 128k /tmp/b.mp2

    Converts a.wav to a.mp2 at 64 kbits and to b.mp2 at 128 kbits. ’-map
    file:index’ specifies which input stream is used for each output
    stream, in the order of the definition of output streams.

  * You can transcode decrypted VOBs:

    ffmpeg -i snatch_1.vob -f avi -c:v mpeg4 -b:v 800k -g 300 -bf 2 -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 128k snatch.avi

    This is a typical DVD ripping example; the input is a VOB file, the
    output an AVI file with MPEG-4 video and MP3 audio. Note that in
    this command we use B-frames so the MPEG-4 stream is DivX5
    compatible, and GOP size is 300 which means one intra frame every 10
    seconds for 29.97fps input video. Furthermore, the audio stream is
    MP3-encoded so you need to enable LAME support by passing
    |--enable-libmp3lame| to configure. The mapping is particularly
    useful for DVD transcoding to get the desired audio language.

    NOTE: To see the supported input formats, use |ffmpeg -demuxers|.

  * You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many
    images:

    For extracting images from a video:

    ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg

    This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will
    output them in files named foo-001.jpeg, foo-002.jpeg, etc. Images
    will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.

    If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use
    the above command in combination with the |-frames:v| or |-t|
    option, or in combination with -ss to start extracting from a
    certain point in time.

    For creating a video from many images:

    ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 12 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -s WxH foo.avi

    The syntax |foo-%03d.jpeg| specifies to use a decimal number
    composed of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence
    number. It is the same syntax supported by the C printf function,
    but only formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.

    When importing an image sequence, -i also supports expanding
    shell-like wildcard patterns (globbing) internally, by selecting the
    image2-specific |-pattern_type glob| option.

    For example, for creating a video from filenames matching the glob
    pattern |foo-*.jpeg|:

    ffmpeg -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 12 -i 'foo-*.jpeg' -s WxH foo.avi

  * You can put many streams of the same type in the output:

    ffmpeg -i test1.avi -i test2.avi -map 1:1 -map 1:0 -map 0:1 -map 0:0 -c copy -y test12.nut

    The resulting output file test12.nut will contain the first four
    streams from the input files in reverse order.

  * To force CBR video output:

    ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -b 4000k -minrate 4000k -maxrate 4000k -bufsize 1835k out.m2v

  * The four options lmin, lmax, mblmin and mblmax use ’lambda’ units,
    but you may use the QP2LAMBDA constant to easily convert from ’q’
    units:

    ffmpeg -i src.ext -lmax 21*QP2LAMBDA dst.ext


    7 See Also

ffmpeg-all

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-all.html>,
ffplay

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffplay.html>,
ffprobe

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffprobe.html>,
ffmpeg-utils

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-utils.html>,
ffmpeg-scaler

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-scaler.html>,
ffmpeg-resampler

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-resampler.html>,
ffmpeg-codecs

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-codecs.html>,
ffmpeg-bitstream-filters

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-bitstream-filters.html>,

ffmpeg-formats

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-formats.html>,
ffmpeg-devices

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-devices.html>,
ffmpeg-protocols

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-protocols.html>,
ffmpeg-filters

<file:///C:/Utils/ffmpeg-6.1.1-essentials_build/doc/ffmpeg-filters.html>


    8 Authors

The FFmpeg developers.

For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
(https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command |git log| in
the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at
https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg

.

Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
MAINTAINERS in the source code tree.

This document was generated using
/makeinfo/

<https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/>.

